fix: establish native exception mechanisms

[supervacuus]

📜 Description

As discussed yesterday during the sync, let's establish native exception mechanisms right away.

💡 Motivation and Context

allows us to cleanly differentiate which handler an event originated from. This is particularly helpful since we now also merge events from two different mechanisms: #5037

💚 How did you test it?

adapted the affected unit tests.

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.

🔮 Next steps

[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	319.00 ms	370.68 ms	51.68 ms
Size	1.58 MiB	2.19 MiB	620.05 KiB

Baseline results on branch: main

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
dba088c	333.98 ms	381.16 ms	47.18 ms
91bb874	310.68 ms	359.24 ms	48.56 ms
d15471f	315.61 ms	360.22 ms	44.61 ms
27d7cf8	314.17 ms	347.00 ms	32.83 ms
a5ab36f	316.83 ms	394.54 ms	77.71 ms
5b66efd	308.67 ms	363.85 ms	55.18 ms
abfcc92	337.38 ms	427.39 ms	90.00 ms
fc5ccaf	279.11 ms	353.34 ms	74.23 ms
fcec2f2	328.91 ms	387.75 ms	58.84 ms
dba088c	365.46 ms	366.31 ms	0.85 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
dba088c	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	558.99 KiB
91bb874	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.07 KiB
d15471f	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.54 KiB
27d7cf8	1.58 MiB	2.12 MiB	549.42 KiB
a5ab36f	1.58 MiB	2.12 MiB	555.26 KiB
5b66efd	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.07 KiB
abfcc92	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	557.31 KiB
fc5ccaf	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	557.54 KiB
fcec2f2	1.58 MiB	2.12 MiB	551.50 KiB
dba088c	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	558.99 KiB

[github-actions]

Semver Impact of This PR

🟢 Patch (bug fixes)

📋 Changelog Preview

This is how your changes will appear in the changelog.
Entries from this PR are highlighted with a left border (blockquote style).

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Bug Fixes 🐛

• Establish native exception mechanisms by supervacuus in #5052

Internal Changes 🔧

• (android) Update targetSdk to API 36 (Android 16) by markushi in #5016
• (ci) Write permission for statuses in changelog preview by supervacuus in #5053

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_{🤖 This preview updates automatically when you update the PR.}

[romtsn]

Suggested change

	TOMBSTONE("tombstone"),
	SIGNAL_HANDLER("signalhandler"),
	TOMBSTONE_MERGED("tombstone_merged");
	TOMBSTONE("Tombstone"),
	SIGNAL_HANDLER("signalhandler"),
	TOMBSTONE_MERGED("TombstoneMerged");

I think we're really inconsistent with naming across SDKs, but we tend to use camelCase in the Java SDK, so I'm thinking if we could change that? signalhandler probably has to stay as-is to not break existing filters, but the new ones we may change to follow camelCase