Backport of docs: Add federated region concept and operations pages. into stable-website

[hc-github-team-nomad-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #24477 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/website.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description

In order to help users understand multi-region federated deployments, this change adds two new sections to the website.

The first expands the architecture page, so we can add further detail over time with an initial federation page. The second adds a federation operations page which goes into failure planning and mitigation.

Links

Jira: https://hashicorp.atlassian.net/browse/NET-10100

Deploy previews

• Architecture/Federation new page https://nomad-git-f-docs-net-10100-hashicorp.vercel.app/nomad/docs/concepts/architecture/federation
• Operations/Federation/Overview new page https://nomad-git-f-docs-net-10100-hashicorp.vercel.app/nomad/docs/operations/federation
• Operations/Federation/Failure Scenarios new page https://nomad-git-f-docs-net-10100-hashicorp.vercel.app/nomad/docs/operations/federation/failure

Contributor Checklist

• Changelog Entry If this PR changes user-facing behavior, please generate and add a
  changelog entry using the make cl command.
• Testing Please add tests to cover any new functionality or to demonstrate bug fixes and
  ensure regressions will be caught.
• Documentation If the change impacts user-facing functionality such as the CLI, API, UI,
  and job configuration, please update the Nomad website documentation to reflect this. Refer to
  the website README for docs guidelines. Please also consider whether the
  change requires notes within the upgrade guide.

Reviewer Checklist

• Backport Labels Please add the correct backport labels as described by the internal
  backporting document.
• Commit Type Ensure the correct merge method is selected which should be "squash and merge"
  in the majority of situations. The main exceptions are long-lived feature branches or merges where
  history should be preserved.
• Enterprise PRs If this is an enterprise only PR, please add any required changelog entry
  within the public repository.

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Overview of commits

• dc50133