🚀 VProfile Project

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📖 Overview

VProfile is a multi-tier web application designed to demonstrate infrastructure automation using Vagrant and VirtualBox. It includes various services such as a web server, application server, message broker, caching service, search indexing, and a database. The project automates provisioning using Vagrant and sets up a complete working environment for deployment.

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📑 Table of Contents

1. Prerequisites
2. Architecture
3. Workflow
4. Task Execution
5. Cleaning Up Resources
6. Conclusion
7. Instructor

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🔑 Prerequisites

Before you start, ensure you have the following:

1. Oracle VM VirtualBox - For virtualization
2. Vagrant - To automate VM setup
3. Vagrant Plugins - Required for network and provisioning

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🗺️ Architecture

🔄 Workflow:

The provisioning process follows this sequence:

1. Nginx → Web Service
2. Tomcat → Application Server
3. RabbitMQ → Broker/Queuing Agent
4. Memcache → DB Caching
5. ElasticSearch → Indexing/Search Service
6. MySQL → SQL Database

Setup Order:

1. MySQL (Database Service)
2. Memcache (DB Caching Service)
3. RabbitMQ (Broker/Queue Service)
4. Tomcat (Application Service)
5. Nginx (Web Service)

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📜 Vagrantfile

Create a file named Vagrantfile and add the following code:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.hostmanager.enabled = true 
  config.hostmanager.manage_host = true

  ### DB VM ###
  config.vm.define "db01" do |db01|
    db01.vm.box = "eurolinux-vagrant/centos-stream-9"
    #db01.vm.box_version = "9.0.48"  # Commented to avoid installation errors
    db01.vm.hostname = "db01"

    # Port Forwarding
    db01.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2222
    db01.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.15"
    
    db01.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.memory = "600"
    end
  end

  ### Memcache VM ###
  config.vm.define "mc01" do |mc01|
    mc01.vm.box = "eurolinux-vagrant/centos-stream-9"
    #mc01.vm.box_version = "9.0.48"
    mc01.vm.hostname = "mc01"

    # Port Forwarding
    mc01.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2207
    mc01.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.14"
    
    mc01.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.memory = "600"
    end
  end

  ### RabbitMQ VM ###
  config.vm.define "rmq01" do |rmq01|
    rmq01.vm.box = "eurolinux-vagrant/centos-stream-9"
    #rmq01.vm.box_version = "9.0.48"
    rmq01.vm.hostname = "rmq01"

    # Port Forwarding
    rmq01.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2204
    rmq01.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.13"

    rmq01.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.memory = "600"
    end
  end

  ### Tomcat VM ###
  config.vm.define "app01" do |app01|
    app01.vm.box = "eurolinux-vagrant/centos-stream-9"
    #app01.vm.box_version = "9.0.48"
    app01.vm.hostname = "app01"

    # Port Forwarding
    app01.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2205
    app01.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.12"

    app01.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      vb.memory = "800"
    end
  end

  ### Nginx VM ###
  config.vm.define "web01" do |web01|
    web01.vm.box = "ubuntu/jammy64"
    web01.vm.hostname = "web01"

    # Port Forwarding
    web01.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 22, host: 2206
    web01.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.11"

    web01.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
      # First provision with GUI enabled, then disable it after setup
      # vb.gui = true  
      vb.memory = "800"
    end
  end
end

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🚀 Setup Instructions

1️⃣ Install Dependencies

Ensure the following are installed:

• Vagrant
• VirtualBox

2️⃣ Clone the Repository

git clone https://github.com/hkhcoder/vprofile-project.git
cd vagrant-setup

3️⃣ Provision the Virtual Machines

Run the following command to start all VMs:

vagrant up

4️⃣ SSH into a Virtual Machine

To access a specific VM, use:

vagrant ssh <vm-name>

For example:

vagrant ssh web01

5️⃣ Managing VMs

• Stop all VMs: vagrant halt
• Restart all VMs: vagrant reload
• Destroy all VMs: vagrant destroy
• List running VMs: vagrant status

📝 Notes

• Nginx VM (web01) requires manual network configuration:
  1. First Boot → Enable vb.gui = true in Vagrantfile
  2. Set up the network in VirtualBox:
     • Adapter 1: NAT
     • Adapter 2: Bridged Adapter
  3. Once installed, disable the GUI (vb.gui = false) and run vagrant reload.

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1. MySQL Setup

1. Login to the database VM:

   vagrant ssh db01

2. Verify and update /etc/hosts if necessary:

   cat /etc/hosts

3. Update OS with latest patches:

   dnf update -y

4. Set repository:

   dnf install epel-release -y

5. Install MariaDB package:

   dnf install git mariadb-server -y

6. Start and enable MariaDB service:

   systemctl start mariadb
   systemctl enable mariadb

7. Run MySQL secure installation script:

   mysql_secure_installation

   • Set root password (admin123)
   • Remove anonymous users
   • Disallow root login remotely (No)
   • Remove test database
   • Reload privilege tables

8. Create database and user:

   mysql -u root -padmin123

   mysql> CREATE DATABASE accounts;
   mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON accounts.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
   mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON accounts.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
   mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   mysql> exit;

9. Download source code and initialize the database:

   cd /tmp/
   git clone -b local https://github.com/hkhcoder/vprofile-project.git
   cd vprofile-project
   mysql -u root -padmin123 accounts < src/main/resources/db_backup.sql
   mysql -u root -padmin123 accounts

   mysql> SHOW TABLES;
   mysql> exit;

10. Restart MariaDB:

    systemctl restart mariadb

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2. Memcache Setup

1. Login to the Memcache VM:

   vagrant ssh mc01

2. Verify and update /etc/hosts if necessary:

   cat /etc/hosts

3. Update OS with latest patches:

   dnf update -y

4. Install Memcache:

   sudo dnf install epel-release -y
   sudo dnf install memcached -y

5. Start and enable Memcache service:

   sudo systemctl start memcached
   sudo systemctl enable memcached
   sudo systemctl status memcached

6. Allow external connections:

   sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/g' /etc/sysconfig/memcached

7. Restart Memcached:

   sudo systemctl restart memcached

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3. RabbitMQ Setup

1. Login to the RabbitMQ VM:

   vagrant ssh rmq01

2. Verify and update /etc/hosts if necessary:

   cat /etc/hosts

3. Update OS with latest patches:

   dnf update -y

4. Install EPEL repository:

   dnf install epel-release -y

5. Install dependencies:

   sudo dnf install wget -y
   dnf -y install centos-release-rabbitmq-38
   dnf --enablerepo=centos-rabbitmq-38 -y install rabbitmq-server
   systemctl enable --now rabbitmq-server

6. Configure RabbitMQ user:

   sudo sh -c 'echo "[{rabbit, [{loopback_users, []}]}]." > /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config'
   sudo rabbitmqctl add_user test test
   sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags test administrator
   sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / test ".*" ".*" ".*"

7. Restart RabbitMQ service:

   sudo systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

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4. Tomcat Setup

1. Login to the Tomcat VM:

   vagrant ssh app01

2. Verify and update /etc/hosts if necessary:

   cat /etc/hosts

3. Update OS with latest patches:

   dnf update -y

4. Set repository:

   dnf install epel-release -y

5. Install dependencies:

   dnf -y install java-17-openjdk java-17-openjdk-devel
   dnf install git wget -y

6. Change directory to /tmp:

   cd /tmp/

7. Download and extract Tomcat:

   wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.1.26/bin/apache-tomcat-10.1.26.tar.gz
   tar xzvf apache-tomcat-10.1.26.tar.gz

8. Create Tomcat user:

   useradd --home-dir /usr/local/tomcat --shell /sbin/nologin tomcat

9. Copy Tomcat files to home directory:

   cp -r /tmp/apache-tomcat-10.1.26/* /usr/local/tomcat/
   chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat

Setup systemctl command for tomcat

10. Create Tomcat service file:

    vi /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service

    • Add the provided service configuration

     [Unit]
     Description=Tomcat
     After=network.target
    
     [Service]
     User=tomcat
     Group=tomcat
     WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/tomcat
     Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre
     Environment=CATALINA_PID=/var/tomcat/%i/run/tomcat.pid
     Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
     Environment=CATALINE_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat
     ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh run
     ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
     RestartSec=10
     Restart=always
    
     [Install]
     WantedBy=multi-user.target

11. Reload systemd and enable Tomcat:

 systemctl daemon-reload
 systemctl start tomcat
 systemctl enable tomcat

12. Configure firewall:

 systemctl start firewalld
 systemctl enable firewalld
 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
 firewall-cmd --reload

Code Build & Deployment

1. Install Maven:

   cd /tmp/
   wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/3.9.9/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.9-bin.zip
   unzip apache-maven-3.9.9-bin.zip
   cp -r apache-maven-3.9.9 /usr/local/maven3.9
   export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx512m"

2. Download source code:

   git clone -b local https://github.com/hkhcoder/vprofile-project.git

3. Update configuration:

   cd vprofile-project
   vim src/main/resources/application.properties

4. Build the code:

   /usr/local/maven3.9/bin/mvn install

5. Deploy artifact:

   systemctl stop tomcat
   rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT*
   cp target/vprofile-v2.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT.war
   systemctl start tomcat
   chown tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/webapps -R
   systemctl restart tomcat

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5. Nginx Setup

1. Login to the Nginx VM:

   vagrant ssh web01
   sudo -i

2. Verify and update /etc/hosts if necessary:

   cat /etc/hosts

3. Update OS with latest patches:

   apt update
   apt upgrade

4. Install Nginx:

   apt install nginx -y

5. Create Nginx configuration file:

   vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/vproapp

   • Add the provided configuration

   upstream vproapp {
     server app01:8080;
     }
     server {
       listen 80;
       location / {
         proxy_pass http://vproapp;
       }
   }

6. Activate Nginx site:

   rm -rf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
   ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/vproapp /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/vproapp

7. Restart Nginx:

   systemctl restart nginx

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💻 Validate the project

🗑️ Cleaning Up Resources

To remove all virtual machines and clean up resources, execute:

$ vagrant destroy --force

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✅ Conclusion

In this project, we successfully set up a multi-tier web application using Vagrant and VirtualBox, provisioning various services like MySQL, Memcache, RabbitMQ, Tomcat, and Nginx. The architecture supports scalability and ensures efficient load management.

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👨‍🏫 Instructor

This project was completed under the mentorship of Imran Teli.