All Your Base

all-your-base/.exercism/config.json

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+{
+  "authors": [
+    "behrtam"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "cmccandless",
+    "Dog",
+    "ikhadykin",
+    "N-Parsons",
+    "pywkm",
+    "smt923",
+    "tqa236",
+    "yawpitch"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "all_your_base.py"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "all_your_base_test.py"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.py"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Convert a number, represented as a sequence of digits in one base, to any other base."
+}

all-your-base/.exercism/metadata.json

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+{"track":"python","exercise":"all-your-base","id":"12190969a73746768d803caa893ef7c0","url":"https://exercism.org/tracks/python/exercises/all-your-base","handle":"myFirstCode","is_requester":true,"auto_approve":false}

all-your-base/HELP.md

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+# Help
+
+## Running the tests
+
+We use [pytest][pytest: Getting Started Guide] as our website test runner.
+You will need to install `pytest` on your development machine if you want to run tests for the Python track locally.
+You should also install the following `pytest` plugins:
+
+- [pytest-cache][pytest-cache]
+- [pytest-subtests][pytest-subtests]
+
+Extended information can be found in our website [Python testing guide][Python track tests page].
+
+
+### Running Tests
+
+To run the included tests, navigate to the folder where the exercise is stored using `cd` in your terminal (_replace `{exercise-folder-location}` below with your path_).
+Test files usually end in `_test.py`, and are the same tests that run on the website when a solution is uploaded.
+
+Linux/MacOS
+```bash
+$ cd {path/to/exercise-folder-location}
+```
+
+Windows
+```powershell
+PS C:\Users\foobar> cd {path\to\exercise-folder-location}
+```
+
+<br>
+
+Next, run the `pytest` command in your terminal, replacing `{exercise_test.py}` with the name of the test file:
+
+Linux/MacOS
+```bash
+$ python3 -m pytest -o markers=task {exercise_test.py}
+==================== 7 passed in 0.08s ====================
+```
+
+Windows
+```powershell
+PS C:\Users\foobar> py -m pytest -o markers=task {exercise_test.py}
+==================== 7 passed in 0.08s ====================
+```
+
+
+### Common options
+- `-o` : override default `pytest.ini` (_you can use this to avoid marker warnings_)
+- `-v` : enable verbose output.
+- `-x` : stop running tests on first failure.
+- `--ff` : run failures from previous test before running other test cases.
+
+For additional options, use `python3 -m pytest -h` or `py -m pytest -h`.
+
+
+### Fixing warnings
+
+If you do not use `pytest -o markers=task` when invoking `pytest`, you might receive a `PytestUnknownMarkWarning` for tests that use our new syntax:
+
+```bash
+PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.task - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
+```
+
+To avoid typing `pytest -o markers=task` for every test you run, you can use a `pytest.ini` configuration file.
+We have made one that can be downloaded from the top level of the Python track directory: [pytest.ini][pytest.ini].
+
+You can also create your own `pytest.ini` file with the following content:
+
+```ini
+[pytest]
+markers =
+    task: A concept exercise task.
+```
+
+Placing the `pytest.ini` file in the _root_ or _working_ directory for your Python track exercises will register the marks and stop the warnings.
+More information on pytest marks can be found in the `pytest` documentation on [marking test functions][pytest: marking test functions with attributes] and the `pytest` documentation on [working with custom markers][pytest: working with custom markers].
+
+Information on customizing pytest configurations can be found in the `pytest` documentation on [configuration file formats][pytest: configuration file formats].
+
+
+### Extending your IDE or Code Editor
+
+Many IDEs and code editors have built-in support for using `pytest` and other code quality tools.
+Some community-sourced options can be found on our [Python track tools page][Python track tools page].
+
+[Pytest: Getting Started Guide]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/getting-started.html
+[Python track tools page]: https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python/tools
+[Python track tests page]: https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python/tests
+[pytest-cache]:http://pythonhosted.org/pytest-cache/
+[pytest-subtests]:https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-subtests
+[pytest.ini]: https://github.com/exercism/python/blob/main/pytest.ini
+[pytest: configuration file formats]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/customize.html#configuration-file-formats
+[pytest: marking test functions with attributes]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/mark.html#raising-errors-on-unknown-marks
+[pytest: working with custom markers]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/example/markers.html#working-with-custom-markers
+
+## Submitting your solution
+
+You can submit your solution using the `exercism submit all_your_base.py` command.
+This command will upload your solution to the Exercism website and print the solution page's URL.
+
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution which allows you to:
+
+- See how others have completed the exercise
+- Request help from a mentor
+
+## Need to get help?
+
+If you'd like help solving the exercise, check the following pages:
+
+- The [Python track's documentation](https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python)
+- The [Python track's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/python)
+- [Exercism's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/5)
+- The [Frequently Asked Questions](https://exercism.org/docs/using/faqs)
+
+Should those resources not suffice, you could submit your (incomplete) solution to request mentoring.
+
+Below are some resources for getting help if you run into trouble:
+
+- [The PSF](https://www.python.org) hosts Python downloads, documentation, and community resources.
+- [The Exercism Community on Discord](https://exercism.org/r/discord)
+- [Python Community on Discord](https://pythondiscord.com/) is a very helpful and active community.
+- [/r/learnpython/](https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/) is a subreddit designed for Python learners.
+- [#python on Libera.chat](https://www.python.org/community/irc/) this is where the core developers for the language hang out and get work done.
+- [Python Community Forums](https://discuss.python.org/)
+- [Free Code Camp Community Forums](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)
+- [CodeNewbie Community Help Tag](https://community.codenewbie.org/t/help)
+- [Pythontutor](http://pythontutor.com/) for stepping through small code snippets visually.
+
+Additionally, [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python) is a good spot to search for your problem/question to see if it has been answered already.
+ If not - you can always [ask](https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask) or [answer](https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-answer) someone else's question.

all-your-base/README.md

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+# All Your Base
+
+Welcome to All Your Base on Exercism's Python Track.
+If you need help running the tests or submitting your code, check out `HELP.md`.
+
+## Introduction
+
+You've just been hired as professor of mathematics.
+Your first week went well, but something is off in your second week.
+The problem is that every answer given by your students is wrong!
+Luckily, your math skills have allowed you to identify the problem: the student answers _are_ correct, but they're all in base 2 (binary)!
+Amazingly, it turns out that each week, the students use a different base.
+To help you quickly verify the student answers, you'll be building a tool to translate between bases.
+
+## Instructions
+
+Convert a sequence of digits in one base, representing a number, into a sequence of digits in another base, representing the same number.
+
+~~~~exercism/note
+Try to implement the conversion yourself.
+Do not use something else to perform the conversion for you.
+~~~~
+
+## About [Positional Notation][positional-notation]
+
+In positional notation, a number in base **b** can be understood as a linear combination of powers of **b**.
+
+The number 42, _in base 10_, means:
+
+`(4 × 10¹) + (2 × 10⁰)`
+
+The number 101010, _in base 2_, means:
+
+`(1 × 2⁵) + (0 × 2⁴) + (1 × 2³) + (0 × 2²) + (1 × 2¹) + (0 × 2⁰)`
+
+The number 1120, _in base 3_, means:
+
+`(1 × 3³) + (1 × 3²) + (2 × 3¹) + (0 × 3⁰)`
+
+_Yes. Those three numbers above are exactly the same. Congratulations!_
+
+[positional-notation]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation
+
+## Exception messages
+
+Sometimes it is necessary to [raise an exception](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#raising-exceptions). When you do this, you should always include a **meaningful error message** to indicate what the source of the error is. This makes your code more readable and helps significantly with debugging. For situations where you know that the error source will be a certain type, you can choose to raise one of the [built in error types](https://docs.python.org/3/library/exceptions.html#base-classes), but should still include a meaningful message.
+
+This particular exercise requires that you use the [raise statement](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-raise-statement) to "throw" a `ValueError` for different input and output bases. The tests will only pass if you both `raise` the `exception` and include a meaningful message with it.
+
+To raise a `ValueError` with a message, write the message as an argument to the `exception` type:
+
+```python
+# for input.
+raise ValueError("input base must be >= 2")
+
+# another example for input.
+raise ValueError("all digits must satisfy 0 <= d < input base")
+
+# or, for output.
+raise ValueError("output base must be >= 2")
+```
+
+## Source
+
+### Created by
+
+- @behrtam
+
+### Contributed to by
+
+- @cmccandless
+- @Dog
+- @ikhadykin
+- @N-Parsons
+- @pywkm
+- @smt923
+- @tqa236
+- @yawpitch

all-your-base/all_your_base.py

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+"""
+Convert a sequence of digits in one base, representing a number,
+into a sequence of digits in another base, representing the same number.
+"""
+
+
+def rebase(input_base: int, digits: list[int], output_base: int):
+    """
+    Convert a non-negative integer represented as digits in one base to digits in another base.
+
+    :param int input_base: Base of the input digits; must be >= 2.
+    :param list[int] digits: Sequence of digits where each d satisfies 0 <= d < input_base.
+                             Leading zeros are allowed; an empty list denotes 0.
+    :param int output_base: Base for the output digits; must be >= 2.
+    :returns: Digits of the same number in ``output_base``, without leading zeros
+              (except ``[0]`` for zero).
+    :rtype: list[int]
+    :raises ValueError: If ``input_base < 2``, if any digit violates ``0 <= d < input_base``,
+                        or if ``output_base < 2``.
+    """
+
+    # for input.
+    if input_base < 2:
+        raise ValueError("input base must be >= 2")
+
+    # another example for input.
+    for d in digits:
+        if not 0 <= d < input_base:
+            raise ValueError("all digits must satisfy 0 <= d < input base")
+
+    # or, for output.
+    if output_base < 2:
+        raise ValueError("output base must be >= 2")

all-your-base/all_your_base_test.py

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+# pylint: disable=C0301, C0114, C0115, C0116, R0904
+# These tests are auto-generated with test data from:
+# https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/tree/main/exercises/all-your-base/canonical-data.json
+# File last updated on 2023-07-20
+
+import unittest
+
+from all_your_base import (
+    rebase,
+)
+
+
+class AllYourBaseTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_single_bit_one_to_decimal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(2, [1], 10), [1])
+
+    def test_binary_to_single_decimal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(2, [1, 0, 1], 10), [5])
+
+    def test_single_decimal_to_binary(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(10, [5], 2), [1, 0, 1])
+
+    def test_binary_to_multiple_decimal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(2, [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], 10), [4, 2])
+
+    def test_decimal_to_binary(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(10, [4, 2], 2), [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
+
+    def test_trinary_to_hexadecimal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(3, [1, 1, 2, 0], 16), [2, 10])
+
+    def test_hexadecimal_to_trinary(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(16, [2, 10], 3), [1, 1, 2, 0])
+
+    def test_15_bit_integer(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(97, [3, 46, 60], 73), [6, 10, 45])
+
+    def test_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(2, [], 10), [0])
+
+    def test_single_zero(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(10, [0], 2), [0])
+
+    def test_multiple_zeros(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(10, [0, 0, 0], 2), [0])
+
+    def test_leading_zeros(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rebase(7, [0, 6, 0], 10), [4, 2])
+
+    def test_input_base_is_one(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(1, [0], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "input base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_input_base_is_zero(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(0, [], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "input base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_input_base_is_negative(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(-2, [1], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "input base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_negative_digit(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(2, [1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 0], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.args[0], "all digits must satisfy 0 <= d < input base"
+        )
+
+    def test_invalid_positive_digit(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(2, [1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0], 10)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.args[0], "all digits must satisfy 0 <= d < input base"
+        )
+
+    def test_output_base_is_one(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(2, [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "output base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_output_base_is_zero(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(10, [7], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "output base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_output_base_is_negative(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(2, [1], -7)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "output base must be >= 2")
+
+    def test_both_bases_are_negative(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as err:
+            rebase(-2, [1], -7)
+        self.assertEqual(type(err.exception), ValueError)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.args[0], "input base must be >= 2")