Bump Kubernetes to v1.31.5

[twz123]

Description

https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#changelog-since-v1313
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#changelog-since-v1314

Fixes CVE-2024-9042.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

• Manual test
• Auto test added

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• My commit messages are signed-off
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules
• I have checked my code and corrected any misspellings

[k0s-bot]

Backport failed for release-1.31, because it was unable to cherry-pick the commit(s).

Please cherry-pick the changes locally and resolve any conflicts.

git fetch origin release-1.31
git worktree add -d .worktree/backport-5442-to-release-1.31 origin/release-1.31
cd .worktree/backport-5442-to-release-1.31
git switch --create backport-5442-to-release-1.31
git cherry-pick -x 1391ed25c5575a675de0a06163ec89dea519242b