feat: cythonize inspect signature

[kszucs]

The objective is to have a more performant inspect.Signature implementation especially in regards of binding arguments to parameters. This is going to help to validate both function calls and object initializations.

Even without compilation the added Signature class outperforms the stdlib one:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark: 2 tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in us)        Min                Max              Mean            StdDev            Median               IQR            Outliers  OPS (Kops/s)            Rounds  Iterations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_signature        1.1880 (1.0)      13.5914 (1.0)      1.3703 (1.0)      0.5457 (1.0)      1.2643 (1.0)      0.0413 (1.0)      751;1326      729.7579 (1.0)       20000          10
test_inspect          2.0654 (1.74)     16.7978 (1.24)     2.3383 (1.71)     0.6871 (1.26)     2.1622 (1.71)     0.0840 (2.03)     810;3676      427.6570 (0.59)      20000          10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

After compilation:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- benchmark: 2 tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name (time in ns)            Min                     Max                  Mean                StdDev                Median                 IQR            Outliers  OPS (Kops/s)            Rounds  Iterations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
test_signature          346.5975 (1.0)        7,967.0979 (1.0)        377.4496 (1.0)        183.3671 (1.0)        363.8997 (1.0)        6.4989 (1.0)      109;1711    2,649.3602 (1.0)       20000          10
test_inspect          2,068.0018 (5.97)     177,226.7016 (22.24)    2,317.2059 (6.14)     1,517.5780 (8.28)     2,196.4021 (6.04)     103.6999 (15.96)    686;1291      431.5542 (0.16)      20000          10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Benchmarked via

def func(x: int, y: str, *args: int, z: float = 3.14, **kwargs) -> float: ...


args = (1, "a", 2, 3, 4)
kwargs = dict(z=3.14, w=5, q=6)
expected = {"x": 1, "y": "a", "args": (2, 3, 4), "z": 3.14, "kwargs": {"w": 5, "q": 6}}


def test_inspect(benchmark):
    sig = InspectSignature.from_callable(func)
    r = benchmark.pedantic(
        sig.bind, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, iterations=ITS, rounds=20000
    )
    assert r.arguments == expected


def test_signature(benchmark):
    sig = Signature.from_callable(func)
    r = benchmark.pedantic(
        sig.bind, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, iterations=ITS, rounds=20000
    )
    assert r == expected