SINATRA Pro

Protein Structure and Conformation Analysis using Topological Summary Statistics.

Introduction

The sub-image selection problem is to identify physical regions that most explain the variation between two classes of three dimensional shapes. SINATRA is a statistical pipeline for carrying out sub-image analyses using topological summary statistics (Wang et al. 2021). SINATRA Pro is an adaptation of the SINATRA framework for structure-based applications in protein dynamics. The general algorithm follows four key steps:

1. 3D shapes of protein structures (represented as triangular meshes) are summarized by a collection of vectors (or curves) detailing their topology (e.g., Euler characteristics, persistence diagrams, etc).
2. A statistical model is used to classify the shapes based on their topological summaries. Here, we make use of a Gaussian process classification model with a probit link function.
3. After fitting the model, an association measure is computed for each topological feature (e.g., centrality measures, posterior inclusion probabilities, p-values, etc).
4. Association measures are mapped back onto the original protein structures via a reconstruction algorithm, thus, highlighting atomic or residue-level positions that best explain the variation between two ensembles.

Through detailed simulations, we assess the power of our algorithm as a function of its free parameters. As an application of our pipeline, we conduct feature selection for identifying minute conformational changes in five independent protein systems of varying complexities.

Package Details

Code for implementing the SINATRA Pro pipeline was written in Python 3 (version 3.6.9). As part of this procedure:

1. Reading of trajectory files, alignment of protein structures, and neighbor search algorithms are done using the MDAnalysis package (Gowers et. al. 2016, Michaud-Agrawal et. al. 2011).
2. Most athematical calculations are performed using NumPy and SciPy.
3. Inference for the Gaussian process classification (GPC) model was done using elliptical slice sampling (Murray, Prescott, and MacKay 2010).
4. Association measures are computed for the Euler characteristic curves using the relative centrality criterion (RATE), which is a variable selection measure for nonlinear and nonparametric statistical methods (see Crawford et al. 2019 and Ish-Horowicz et al. 2019).

Dependencies

The SINATRA Pro package depends on the following Python 3 packages:

numpy >= 1.18.0
scipy >= 1.5.0
mdanalysis >= 0.20.0
fast-histogram >= 0.9
joblib >= 0.16.0

Python Package Download

To install the package:

    pip3 install SINATRA-Pro

To load the package:

    import sinatra_pro 

To run the application:

    python3 -m sinatra_pro

    usage: __main__.py [-h] [-pa PROTA] [-pb PROTB] [-sa STRUCT_FILE_A]
                       [-ta TRAJ_FILE_A] [-sb STRUCT_FILE_B] [-tb TRAJ_FILE_B]
                       [-dir DIRECTORY] [-pl] [-nc N_CORE] [-n N_SAMPLE]
                       [-of OFFSET] [-s SELECTION] [-r RADIUS] [-hs] [-et EC_TYPE]
                       [-c N_CONE] [-d N_DIRECTION_PER_CONE] [-t CAP_RADIUS]
                       [-l N_FILTRATION] [-bw BANDWIDTH] [-sm SAMPLING_METHOD]
                       [-nm N_MCMC] [-ll] [-v] [-no]

    optional arguments:

          -h, --help            show this help message and exit
          -pa PROTA, --protA PROTA
                                name of protein A for file naming
          -pb PROTB, --protB PROTB
                                name of protein B for file naming
          -sa STRUCT_FILE_A, --struct_file_A STRUCT_FILE_A
                                structure file for protein A (.gro)
          -ta TRAJ_FILE_A, --traj_file_A TRAJ_FILE_A
                                trajectory file for protein A (.xtc)
          -sb STRUCT_FILE_B, --struct_file_B STRUCT_FILE_B
                                structure file for protein B (.gro)
          -tb TRAJ_FILE_B, --traj_file_B TRAJ_FILE_B
                                trajectory file for protein B (.xtc)
          -dir DIRECTORY, --directory DIRECTORY
                                directory for output files
          -fp, --from_pdb       start from sets of PDB structures instead of
                                    trajectories
          -pa PDBPATH_A, --pdbpath_A PDBPATH_A
                                directory containing PDB structures for protein A
          -pb PDBPATH_B, --pdbpath_B PDBPATH_B
                                directory containing PDB structures for protein B
          -pr PDB_REFERENCE, --pdb_reference PDB_REFERENCE
                                PDB structure for visualization from protein A
          -pl, --parallel
                                use multiple CPU cores for calculations
          -nc N_CORE, --n_core N_CORE
                                number of core for parallel computing, default: use
                                all cores
          -n N_SAMPLE, --n_sample N_SAMPLE
                                number of sample drawn from trajectory, default: 10
          -of OFFSET, --offset OFFSET
                                starting frame for sample drawn from trajectory,
                                default: 0
          -s SELECTION, --selection SELECTION
                                selection for protein, default: all protein
          -r RADIUS, --radius RADIUS
                                radius for simplicial construction, default: 2.0
          -hs, --hemisphere     distribute directions over hemisphere instead of whole
                                sphere
          -et EC_TYPE, --ec_type EC_TYPE
                                type of Euler characteristic measure (DECT/ECT/SECT),
                                default: DECT
          -c N_CONE, --n_cone N_CONE
                                number of cone, default: 1
          -d N_DIRECTION_PER_CONE, --n_direction_per_cone N_DIRECTION_PER_CONE
                                number of direction per cone, default: 1
          -t CAP_RADIUS, --cap_radius CAP_RADIUS
                                cap radius, default: 0.8
          -l N_FILTRATION, --n_filtration N_FILTRATION
                                number of filtration step, default: 20
          -bw BANDWIDTH, --bandwidth BANDWIDTH
                                bandwidth for elliptical slice sampling, default: 0.01
          -sm SAMPLING_METHOD, --sampling_method SAMPLING_METHOD
                                sampling method, default: ESS
          -nm N_MCMC, --n_mcmc N_MCMC
                                number of sample from ESS
          -ll, --logistic_likelihood
                                use logistic likelihood instead of probit likelihood
          -v, --verbose         verbose
          -no, --name_offset    name folder with offset

Examples of Running the Package

Starting from MD trajectories

    python3 -m sinatra_pro --protA WT --protB R164S \
            --directory "WT_R164S_65_213_no164sc_2.0" \
            --n_sample 10 \
            --struct_file_A "WT.gro" \
            --traj_file_A "WT.xtc" \
            --struct_file_B "R164S.gro" \
            --traj_file_B "R164S.xtc" \
            --selection "protein and resid 65:213 and not (resid 164 and not backbone)" \
            --radius 2.0 \
            --n_cone 4 \
            --n_direction_per_cone 4 \
            --cap_radius 0.80 \
            --ec_type "DECT" \
            --n_filtration 60 \
            --n_mcmc 100000 \
            --parallel \
            --n_core 4 --verbose

Starting from aligned PDB structures

    python3 -m sinatra_pro --protA WT --protB R164S \
            --directory "WT_R164S_65_230_2.0" \
            --n_sample 10 \
            --from_pdb \
            --pdbpath_A "WT_R164S_65_230_2.0/pdb/WT_offset_0/" \
            --pdbpath_B "WT_R164S_65_230_2.0/pdb/R164S_offset_0/" \
            --pdb_reference "WT_R164S_65_230_2.0/pdb/WT_offset_0/WT_frame0.pdb" \
            --radius 2.0 \
            --n_cone 1 \
            --n_direction_per_cone 1 \
            --cap_radius 0.80 \
            --ec_type "DECT" \
            --n_filtration 20 \
            --n_mcmc 10000 \
            --parallel \
            --n_core 4 --verbose

Other code specific to analyses conducted in the paper can be found in the repo SINATRA_Pro_Paper_Results.

Questions and Feedback

For questions or concerns, please contact Wai Shing Tang or Lorin Crawford. We appreciate any feedback you may have with our repository and instructions for running the software.

Relevant Citations

Wai Shing Tang*, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva*, Henry Kirveslahti, Erin Skeens, Bibo Feng, Timothy Sudijono, Kevin K. Yang, Sayan Mukherjee, Brenda Rubenstein, and Lorin Crawford. Topological data analytic approach for discovering biophysical signatures in protein dynamics. PLOS Computational Biology. 18(5): e1010045.