deploy: 9336b04

blog/atmosphere/index.html

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
 </a><input type=checkbox id=Publications><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/><span class=menu__text>Latest</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/archive><span class=menu__text>Archive</span></a></li></ul></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../resources/><span class=menu__text>Resources</span></a></li><li class="menu__item menu__dropdown"><a class=menu__link href><span class=menu__text>News</span>
 <label class=drop-icon for=News>▾</label>
 </a><input type=checkbox id=News><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/><span class=menu__text>Our news</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/newsletters/><span class=menu__text>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><button id=toggle-main-menu-mobile class="hamburger hamburger--slider" type=button>
-<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Atmosphere</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>🚧 Under Development 🚧</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
+<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Atmosphere</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>🚧 Under Development 🚧</p><h3 style=text-align:center>Atmosphere</h3><h5 id=parameterization-of-moist-process-in-the-atmosphere>Parameterization of moist process in the atmosphere</h5><h6 id=people-involved-paul-ogorman-griffin-mooers-pierre-gentine>People involved: Paul O’Gorman, Griffin Mooers, Pierre Gentine</h6><p>Much of the uncertainty in climate-model projections for surface precipitation and winds comes from the need to parameterize subgrid processes such as moist convection. We are developing and implementing new parameterizations for these processes using machine learning trained on high-resolution simulations. We aim to develop parameterizations that are robust, stable and physically consistent. See Yuval and O’Gorman 2020 and Yuval, O’Gorman and Hill 2021 for examples of these research projects.</p><center><img src=../../images/research/Moistprocess.png style=width:50vw;padding-bottom:30px;padding-top:0></center><p style=text-align:left><small><b>Figure:</b> Structure of a machine-learning parameterization of subgrid moist processes in the atmosphere. The structure is chosen so that the parameterization conserves energy and water.</small></p><h5 id=parameterization-of-the-boundary-layer>Parameterization of the boundary layer</h5><h6 id=people-involved-alexander-connolly-pierre-gentine>People involved: Alexander Connolly, Pierre Gentine</h6><p>Boundary layer turbulence parameterization remains a major source of uncertainties in climate models, including for low-level clouds. We aim to develop a new approach to the boundary layer parameterization by targeting high-order closure terms in the turbulence representation, leveraging Large-Eddy Simulations and machine learning/symbolic regression.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
 <a href=https://twitter.com/M2LInES target=blank><img src=../../images/twitter.svg title=Twitter alt=Twitter></a>
 <a href=https://github.com/m2lines target=blank><img src=../../images/GitHub-Mark-Light-64px.png title=Github alt=Github></a></div><ul><li class=copyright>© 2024 M²LInES</li><li class=zerostatic><a href=https://www.zerostatic.io>www.zerostatic.io</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/services.min.9107b65a7df0422d8a274963e6b560062a6cdf62185570cfd584b43defa67279.js></script><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/scripts.min.8504133605a277da18f0d58cfd2e90d154962f4a961543a6e2f0a459a2d05462.js></script></body></html>

blog/climate/index.html

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 </a><input type=checkbox id=Publications><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/><span class=menu__text>Latest</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/archive><span class=menu__text>Archive</span></a></li></ul></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../resources/><span class=menu__text>Resources</span></a></li><li class="menu__item menu__dropdown"><a class=menu__link href><span class=menu__text>News</span>
 <label class=drop-icon for=News>▾</label>
 </a><input type=checkbox id=News><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/><span class=menu__text>Our news</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/newsletters/><span class=menu__text>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><button id=toggle-main-menu-mobile class="hamburger hamburger--slider" type=button>
-<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Climate Model Development</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>🚧 Under Development 🚧</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
+<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Climate Model Development</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>Comprehensive climate models typically include <strong>atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land components</strong> and the <strong>coupling</strong> between them. These models can also incorporate <strong>land ice, atmospheric chemistry and terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry</strong>, enabling carbon cycle simulations. Early climate models were developed in the 1970s and have increased in complexity over the years, with more process interactions, more sophisticated parameterizations of subgridscale processes, and higher spatial resolution being incorporated over time. These models have been skillful at predicting anthropogenic climate change, and even early models accurately simulated aspects of the spatial pattern of warming. However, there is still considerable uncertainty associated with model structure, and climate models which incorporate different parameterizations can differ greatly in many characteristics of future projected change. Because of this, it is imperative that there are continued developments and improvements of these modeling systems. Bringing new approaches, such as <strong>Machine Learning</strong>, to this challenge has the potential to rapidly accelerate progress.</p><p>Studies across M²LInES are using <strong>scientific and interpretable Machine Learning</strong> to gain new insight on parameterization development across the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice systems. Development and testing of these parameterizations is underway in component model configurations and work is planned to incorporate these into a number of climate models. This includes, among others, improved parameterizations of:</p><ul><li>The simulated conductive heat fluxes through sea ice (<a href=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023GL106760 target=_blank>Zampieri et al, 2024</a>
+),</li><li>Ocean mixing processes,</li><li>Moist convection in the atmosphere</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
 <a href=https://twitter.com/M2LInES target=blank><img src=../../images/twitter.svg title=Twitter alt=Twitter></a>
 <a href=https://github.com/m2lines target=blank><img src=../../images/GitHub-Mark-Light-64px.png title=Github alt=Github></a></div><ul><li class=copyright>© 2024 M²LInES</li><li class=zerostatic><a href=https://www.zerostatic.io>www.zerostatic.io</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/services.min.9107b65a7df0422d8a274963e6b560062a6cdf62185570cfd584b43defa67279.js></script><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/scripts.min.8504133605a277da18f0d58cfd2e90d154962f4a961543a6e2f0a459a2d05462.js></script></body></html>

blog/climateprocess/index.html

@@ -8,9 +8,16 @@
 </a><input type=checkbox id=Publications><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/><span class=menu__text>Latest</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../publications/archive><span class=menu__text>Archive</span></a></li></ul></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../resources/><span class=menu__text>Resources</span></a></li><li class="menu__item menu__dropdown"><a class=menu__link href><span class=menu__text>News</span>
 <label class=drop-icon for=News>▾</label>
 </a><input type=checkbox id=News><ul class=submenu__list><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/><span class=menu__text>Our news</span></a></li><li class=menu__item><a class=menu__link href=../../news/newsletters/><span class=menu__text>Newsletters</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><button id=toggle-main-menu-mobile class="hamburger hamburger--slider" type=button>
-<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Key Climate Processes</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>Despite drastic improvements in climate model development, current simulations have difficulty capturing the interactions among different processes in the atmosphere, oceans, and ice and how they affect the Earth’s climate; this can hinder projections of temperature, rainfall, and sea level.
-M²LInES will be focusing on understanding these key climate processes using two types of data:</p><ol><li><a href=../../blog/research4>Data from high-resolution simulation and observations.</a></li><li><a href=../../blog/dataassimilation>Data resulting from model errors, also called data assimilation increments.</a></li></ol><p>Below is a representation of the physical processes that will be studied by the team:</p><p><img src=../../images/research/physical-processes-simple.png alt=title></p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong>
+<span class=hamburger-box><span class=hamburger-inner></span></span></button></div></div><div id=hero class="hero-image hero-image-setheight" style=background-image:url(/images/retrosupply-jLwVAUtLOAQ-unsplash.jpeg)><div class=container><div class=hero-text><span class=hero-section></span><h1>Key Climate Processes</h1><p></p></div></div></div><div class="container pt-4 pt-md-10 pb-4 pb-md-10"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-12 col-md-8"><div class="service service-single"><div class=content><p>Despite drastic improvements in climate model development, current simulations have difficulty capturing the interactions among different processes in the atmosphere, oceans, and ice and how they affect the Earth’s climate; this can hinder projections of temperature, rainfall, and sea level.</p><p><strong>M²LInES will be focusing on understanding these key climate processes using two types of data:</strong></p><h3 id=high-resolution-simulation-and-observations>High-resolution simulation and observations</h3><ul><li>Atmospheric convection and clouds (O’Gorman, Mooers, Yuval) (see <a href=../../blog/atmosphere>Atmosphere</a>
+)</li><li>Atmospheric boundary layer processes at the ocean and sea-ice interface (Gentine, Connolly) (see <a href=../../blog/atmosphere>Atmosphere</a>
+)</li><li>Ocean mesoscale buoyancy fluxes (Balwada, Everard) (see <a href=../../blog/ocean>Ocean</a>
+)</li><li>Ocean submesoscale processes (Le Sommer, Barge) (see <a href=../../blog/ocean>Ocean</a>
+)</li><li>Ocean mesoscale momentum, energy and air-sea interactions (Zanna, Perezhogin) (see <a href=../../blog/ocean>Ocean</a>
+)</li><li>Vertical mixing (Adcroft, Reichl, Sane) (see <a href=../../blog/ocean>Ocean</a>
+)</li><li>Sea-ice heterogeneity and its influence on air-sea-ice interactions (Holland, Zampieri) (see <a href=../../blog/seaice>Sea-Ice</a>
+)</li></ul><h3 id=data-assimilation-increments>Data assimilation increments</h3><p><a href=../../blog/dataassimilation>Data assimilation increments</a>
+or DA are data resulting from model errors. We will be working on DA from 3 distinct parts of climate models:</p><ul><li>Atmospheric (Berner, Chapman)</li><li>Ocean (Adcroft, Lu, Du)</li><li>Sea-Ice (Adcroft, Bushuk, Gregory)</li></ul><p>Below is a representation of the physical processes that will be studied by the team:</p><p><img src=../../images/research/physical-processes-simple.png alt=title></p><p><strong>Learn more:</strong>
 Come discover Pangeo Forge and how it can help us solve complex problems in climate and weather research <a href=https://vimeo.com/510830389 target=_blank>here</a>
-with Ryan Abernathey, head of big data at M²LInES.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
+with Ryan Abernathey.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><style>.center-list{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;margin:0;text-align:center}.image-wrapper{max-width:200px;width:100%}</style><div class=footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=footer-inner><ul class=center-list><li><a href=https://schmidtfutures.com/ target=_blank class=image-wrapper><img src=../../images/schmidtsciences_primary_color.png style=width:100%;height:auto></a></li><li class=copyright>This project is supported by Schmidt Sciences, LLC.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class=sub-footer><div class=container><div class=row><div class=col-12><div class=sub-footer-inner><div class=social><a href=mailto:m2lines@nyu.edu target=blank><img src=../../images/PICOL_icon_Mailw.png title=Email alt=Email></a>
 <a href=https://twitter.com/M2LInES target=blank><img src=../../images/twitter.svg title=Twitter alt=Twitter></a>
 <a href=https://github.com/m2lines target=blank><img src=../../images/GitHub-Mark-Light-64px.png title=Github alt=Github></a></div><ul><li class=copyright>© 2024 M²LInES</li><li class=zerostatic><a href=https://www.zerostatic.io>www.zerostatic.io</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/services.min.9107b65a7df0422d8a274963e6b560062a6cdf62185570cfd584b43defa67279.js></script><script type=text/javascript src=../../js/scripts.min.8504133605a277da18f0d58cfd2e90d154962f4a961543a6e2f0a459a2d05462.js></script></body></html>