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MongoDB

🚀 NoSQL

Structure Store

  • Key - Value Store
    • Associative Arrays (key:value) or Dictionary
  • Document Store
  • Graph Store
  • Wid Column Store

Key - Value Store

  • Associative Arrays (key:value) or Dictionary

Ex RDMS

  • Redis
  • Oracle NoSQL Database
  • Voldemorte
  • Artospike

Document Store

  • Document-Oriented
  • Semi Structure Date (XML, JSON, BJSON)

Ex RDMS

  • MongoDB
  • CouchDB

Graph Store

  • Node store Entity And use Edge for relation
  • Social Network, AI, ML

Ex RDMS

  • neo4j

Wide Column Storage

  • Key Store 2D

Ex RDMS

  • Cassandra
  • HBase
  • DynamoDB
  • Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

🚀 Intro Mongo

  • Document Store
  • Store JSON save to BSON (Binary JSON)

Structure Store

  • Database
  • Collection
  • Document

🚀 Basic Command

⚡️ Database

show all database

show dbs

use database

use <database_name>

drop database

db.dropDatabase()

⚡️ Collection

show collection

show collection

create collection

db.createCollection("collection_name")

rename collection

db.<collection_name>.renameCollection("new_collection_name)

delete collection

db.<collection_name>.drop()

⚡️ Insert Document

add document

db.<collection_name>.insertOne(<document>)

add multi document

db.<collection_name>.insertMany([<document>])

Ex

use mydb

db.createCollection("user")

db.user.insertOne({name:"sunday"})

db.user.insertMany([{name:"john"},{name:"dany"}])

In database mydb collection user

[
 {
    "_id": {"$oid": "614fc9db58f3ba2123999cce"},
    "name": "sunday"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "614fca4458f3ba2123999cd3"},
    "name": "john"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "614fca4458f3ba2123999cd4"},
    "name": "dany"
  }
]

insert value array Ex

db.user.insertOne({name:"robert",position: ["king","warrior"]})

In database mydb collection user

[
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "614fcd4258f3ba2123999ce0"},
    "name": "robert",
    "position": ["king", "warrior"]
  }
]

insert value object Ex

db.user.insertOne({name:"robb", general: {weight: 60, height: 190, gender: "male"}})

⚡️ Find Document

Find One

db.<collection_name>.findOne()

Find

db.<collection_name>.find()

Find Condition

// Initial Database
use mydb

db.createCollection("one_piece")

db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Monkey D Luffy", position: "captain", wanted: 1500000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["red", "blue", "yellow"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Roronoa Zoro", position: "swordsman", wanted: 320000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["white", "green"]  })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Nami", position: "navigate", wanted: 35000000, general: {gender: "female"}, color: ["orange", "green"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"God Usopp", position: "sniper", wanted: 200000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["brown", "green"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Vinsmoke Sanji", position: "cook", wanted: 330000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["yellow", "black"]})
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Chopper", position: "doctor", wanted: 100, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["brown", "pink", "white"]})
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Nico Robin", position: "archaeologist", wanted: 130000000, general: {gender: "female"}, color: ["purple", "black"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"The SK Brook", position: "musician", wanted: 83000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["purple", "black", "white"] })
db.one_piece.find({wanted: 1500000000})

// Response
[
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "614fd42358f3ba2123999d04"},
    "name": "Monkey D Luffy",
    "position": "caption",
    "wanted": 1500000000
  }
]

Find Condition In Object

db.one_piece.find({"general.gender": "female"})

Find Condition In Array

db.one_piece.find({color:"black"})
db.one_piece.find({color:["purple", "black"]})

🔥 Operator Condition

Name Description Ex
$eq เท่ากับ (Equal) {field:{$eq:value}} or {field:value}
$gt มากกว่า (Greater) {field:{$gt:value}}
$gte มากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ (Greater or Equal) {field:{$gte:value}}
$lt น้อยกว่า (Less) {field:{$lt:value}}
$lte น้อยกว่าหรือเท่ากับ (Less or Equal) {field:{$lte:value}}
$ne ไม่เท่ากับ (์Not Equal) {field:{$ne:value}}
$in มีค่าใน Array {field:{$in:[value1,value2]}}
$nin ไม่มีมีค่าใน Array {field:{$nin:[value1,value2]}}
Operation $gte Ex
db.one_piece.find({wanted: {$gte: 100000000 }})
[
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd4e10b244329cdf57de" },
    "color": ["red", "blue", "yellow"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "Monkey D Luffy",
    "position": "captain",
    "wanted": 1500000000
  },
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd4e10b244329cdf57df" },
    "color": ["white", "green"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "Roronoa Zoro",
    "position": "swordsman",
    "wanted": 320000000
  },
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd4f10b244329cdf57e2" },
    "color": ["yellow", "black"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "Vinsmoke Sanji",
    "position": "cook",
    "wanted": 330000000
  }
]
Operation $in Ex
db.one_piece.find({color: {$in: ["black"]}})
[
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd4f10b244329cdf57e2" },
    "color": ["yellow", "black"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "Vinsmoke Sanji",
    "position": "cook",
    "wanted": 330000000
  },
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd5010b244329cdf57e4" },
    "color": ["purple", "black"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "female"
    },
    "name": "Nico Robin",
    "position": "archaeologist",
    "wanted": 130000000
  },
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd5110b244329cdf57e5" },
    "color": ["purple", "black", "white"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "The SK Brook",
    "position": "musician",
    "wanted": 83000000
  }
]

🔥 Logical Conditions Operator

Name Description
$and ตรงทั้งสองเงื่อนไข
$or ตรงกับเงื่อนไขใดเงื่อนไขหนึ่ง
$nor ไม่ตรงกับเงื่อนไขใดเลย
$not ตรงข้ามกับเงื่อนไขที่กำหนด
Logical Conditions $and Ex
db.one_piece.find({
  $and: [
    {color: {$in: ["black"]}},
    {wanted: {$gte: 300000000}}
  ]
})
[
  {
    "_id": { "$oid": "6150bd4f10b244329cdf57e2" },
    "color": ["yellow", "black"],
    "general": {
      "gender": "male"
    },
    "name": "Vinsmoke Sanji",
    "position": "cook",
    "wanted": 330000000
  }
]

⚡️ Update Document

Update One db.<collection_name>.updateOne({<one>,<two>,<three>}) one: Document for edit two: Data for edit three: Options

db.one_piece.updateOne(
    {name: "Roronoa Zoro"},
    {$set:{wanted: 200}}
)

Update Many db.<collection_name>.updateMany({<one>,<two>,<three>}) one: Document for edit two: Data for edit three: Options

db.one_piece.updateMany(
    {"general.gender": "female"},
    {$set:{wanted: 0}}
)

⚡️ Delete Document

Delete One db.<collection_name>.deleteOne({<filter>})

db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Buggy", position: "captain", wanted: 550000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["red", "blue", "yellow"] })

db.one_piece.deleteOne({name: "Buggy"})

Delete Many db.<collection_name>.deleteMany({<filter>})

db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Buggy", position: "captain", wanted: 550000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["red", "blue", "yellow"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Donquixote Doflamingo", position: "captain", wanted: 340000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["pink", "yellow"] })
db.one_piece.insertOne({name:"Monkey D Luffy", position: "captain", wanted: 1500000000, general: {gender: "male"}, color: ["red", "blue", "yellow"] })

db.one_piece.deleteMany({position: "captain"})

🚀 Advance MongoDB

⚡️ Aggregation And Pipeline

Collection ▶ Stages ▶ Output

  • Pipeline use aggregate() for document array in collection

Input ▶ $match ▶ $group ▶$sort ▶Output

How to use

db.<collection_name>.aggregate([stage])

🔥 SQL vs Stage

SQL Stage
WHERE $match
GROUP BY $group
SELECT $project
ORDER BY $sort
LIMIT $limit
JOIN $lookup
Stage Description
$match กรองเอาเฉพาะ Document ตรงตามเงื่อนไขที่กำหนด
$group จัดกลุ่ม Document และคำนวนค่าเก็บใน Output
$project แสดงข้อมูลในโปรเจคเอาเฉพาะ Field ที่กำหนด
$sort จัดเรียง Document
$skip ข้าม Document ตามจำนวนที่ระบุ
$limit จำกัดการแสดงจำนวน Document
$unwind แยกสมาชิก Field Array ออกเป็น Document
$count นับจำนวน Document
$lookup ดูข้อมูล Document ที่มี Collection ต่างกัน

⚡️ Projection (SELECT)

  • 0: hidden field
  • 1: show field

{$project:{<field_name>: <number>, <field_name>: <number>}}

find only name

db.one_piece.aggregate({
    $project: {name: 1}
})

⚡️ Match (WHERE)

{$match:{ <field_name>: <number> }} match and project

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match: {position: "captain"}},
    {$project: {name: 1, wanted: 1}}
])
db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match:
        { wanted: {$gte: 300000000 }}
    },
    {$project: {name: 1, wanted: 1}}
])

⚡️ Count

{$count:{ <field_name>: <string> }}

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match:
        { wanted: {$gte: 300000000 }}
    },
    {$count: "wanted 300M"},
])

⚡️ Sort (ORDER BY)

  • 1: Ascending
  • -1: Descending

{$sort:{ <field_name>: <number>, <field_name>: <number> }}

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$sort:
        { wanted: -1 }
    },
])
db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$sort: { wanted: -1 } },
    {$project: {name: 1, wanted: 1}},
])
db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match:
        { wanted: {$gte: 300000000 }}
    },
    {$sort: { wanted: -1 } },
    {$project: {name: 1, wanted: 1}},
])

⚡️ Limit

{$limit: <number_of_document>}

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$limit: 2},
])
db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match:
        { wanted: {$gte: 300000000 }}
    },
    {$sort: { wanted: -1 } },
    {$project: {name: 1, wanted: 1}},
    {$limit: 3},
])

⚡️ Skip

{$skip: <number_of_document>}

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$project: {name: 1}},
    {$skip: 2}
])

⚡️ Group (GROUP BY)

{$group: {<field_for_group>:<statistic_operation>}}

Name Description
$sum หาผลรวมของ Document ภายในกลุ่ม
$avg หาค่าเฉลี่ย Document ภายในกลุ่ม
$min หาค่าต่ำสุด Document ภายในกลุ่ม
$max หาค่าสูงสุด Document ภายในกลุ่ม
$first หาค่า Document ลำดับแรกในกลุ่ม
$last หาค่า Document ลำดับท้ายในกลุ่ม
$push แทรกค่า Array ไปยังผลลัพธ์ในกลุ่ม
$addToSet แทรกค่า Array ไปยังผลลัพธ์ในกลุ่มโดยไม่ซ้ำกัน

group and count

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group:{ _id: "$group", member: {$count:{} } } }
])
// Response
[
  {
    "_id": "straw hat",
    "member": 8
  },
  {
    "_id": "buggy",
    "member": 1
  },
  {
    "_id": "kuja",
    "member": 1
  },
  {
    "_id": "doflamingo",
    "member": 1
  }
]

sum

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group:{ _id: null, total:{$sum: "$wanted"} } }
])

avg and sum

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group:{ _id: "$group", avg:{$sum: "$wanted"} } }
])

match, group, avg and sum

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$match: { "general.gender": "female"}},
    {$group:{ _id: "$group", avg:{$sum: "$wanted"} } }
])

max

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group: { _id: "$group" ,wanted_max: {$max: "$wanted"} } }
])

mix

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group: { _id: "$group" ,wanted_min: {$min: "$wanted"} } }
])

first

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group: { _id: "$group" ,first_name: {$first: "$name"} } }
])

last

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {$group: { _id: "$group" ,last_name: {$last: "$name"} } }
])

push

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {
        $group: {
            _id: "$group",
            sum_wanted: {$sum: "$wanted"},
            detail: {$push: {name: "$name", wanted: "$wanted"} }
        }
     }
])
// Response
[
  {
    "_id": "doflamingo",
    "detail": [
      {
        "name": "Donquixote Doflamingo",
        "wanted": 340000000
      }
    ],
    "sum_wanted": 340000000
  },
  {
    "_id": "straw hat",
    "detail": [
      {
        "name": "Roronoa Zoro",
        "wanted": 320000000
      },
      {
        "name": "Nami",
        "wanted": 80000000
      },
      {
        "name": "God Usopp",
        "wanted": 200000000
      },
      {
        "name": "Vinsmoke Sanji",
        "wanted": 330000000
      },
      {
        "name": "Chopper",
        "wanted": 100
      },
      {
        "name": "Nico Robin",
        "wanted": 130000000
      },
      {
        "name": "The SK Brook",
        "wanted": 83000000
      },
      {
        "name": "Monkey D Luffy",
        "wanted": 1500000000
      }
    ],
    "sum_wanted": 2643000100
  },
  {
    "_id": "kuja",
    "detail": [
      {
        "name": "Boa Hancock",
        "wanted": 50000000
      }
    ],
    "sum_wanted": 50000000
  },
  {
    "_id": "buggy",
    "detail": [
      {
        "name": "Buggy",
        "wanted": 550000000
      }
    ],
    "sum_wanted": 550000000
  }
]

addToSet

db.one_piece.aggregate([
    {
        $group: {
            _id: "$group",
            sum_wanted: {$sum: "$wanted"},
            data_member: {$addToSet: "$name"}
        }
     }
])
[
  {
    "_id": "doflamingo",
    "data_member": ["Donquixote Doflamingo"],
    "sum_wanted": 340000000
  },
  {
    "_id": "straw hat",
    "data_member": ["Nico Robin", "The SK Brook", "God Usopp", "Roronoa Zoro", "Chopper", "Vinsmoke Sanji", "Monkey D Luffy", "Nami"],
    "sum_wanted": 2643000100
  },
  {
    "_id": "kuja",
    "data_member": ["Boa Hancock"],
    "sum_wanted": 50000000
  },
  {
    "_id": "buggy",
    "data_member": ["Buggy"],
    "sum_wanted": 550000000
  }
]

⚡️ Lookup (JOIN)

{
  $lookup: {
    from: "collection_name_foreign",
    localField: "field_main_collection",
    foreignField: "field_relation_collection",
    as: "name_of_result"
  }
}

initial data

db.createCollection("switch")
db.createCollection("brand")

db.brand.insertMany([
    {_id: "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283", name:"Cherry MX"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5290", name:"Drop"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5291",name:"Gateron"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292",name:"Durock"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294",name:"NovelKey"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5295",name:"Zeal"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5296",name:"Akko"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5297",name:"Outemu"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5298",name:"Gazzew"},
    {_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5299",name:"Kailh"},
])

db.switch.insertMany([
    {name: "MX Speed Silver", type: "linear", force: 46, brand_id: "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283"},
    {name: "Black Inks", type: "linear", force: 60, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5291"},
    {name: "T1", type: "tactile", force: 67, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292"},
    {name: "Alpaca V2", type: "linear", force: 62, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292"},
    {name: "Cream", type: "linear", force: 55, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294"},
    {name: "Tealios V2", type: "linear", force: 67, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5295"},
    {name: "Boba U4T", type: "tactile", force: 62, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5298"},
    {name: "BOX Heavy Dark Yellow", type: "linear", force: 70, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5299"},
    {name: "NK_Blueberry", type: "tactile", force: 80, brand_id: "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294"},
    {name: "MX Black", type: "linear", force: 60, brand_id: "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283"},
])

Ex

db.switch.aggregate([
  {$lookup: {
      from: "brand",
      localField: "brand_id",
      foreignField: "_id",
      as: "brand"
  }}
])
// Response
[
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e529c"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283",
        "name": "Cherry MX"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283",
    "force": 46,
    "name": "MX Speed Silver",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e529d"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5291",
        "name": "Gateron"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5291",
    "force": 60,
    "name": "Black Inks",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e529e"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292",
        "name": "Durock"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292",
    "force": 67,
    "name": "T1",
    "type": "tactile"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e529f"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292",
        "name": "Durock"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5292",
    "force": 62,
    "name": "Alpaca V2",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a0"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294",
        "name": "NovelKey"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294",
    "force": 55,
    "name": "Cream",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a1"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5295",
        "name": "Zeal"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5295",
    "force": 67,
    "name": "Tealios V2",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a2"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5298",
        "name": "Gazzew"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5298",
    "force": 62,
    "name": "Boba U4T",
    "type": "tactile"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a3"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5299",
        "name": "Kailh"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5299",
    "force": 70,
    "name": "BOX Heavy Dark Yellow",
    "type": "linear"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a4"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294",
        "name": "NovelKey"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e4215bd37e5dfc4e5294",
    "force": 80,
    "name": "NK_Blueberry",
    "type": "tactile"
  },
  {
    "_id": {"$oid": "6158e6175bd37e5dfc4e52a5"},
    "brand": [
      {
        "_id": "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283",
        "name": "Cherry MX"
      }
    ],
    "brand_id": "6158e3275bd37e5dfc4e5283",
    "force": 60,
    "name": "MX Black",
    "type": "linear"
  }
]

look and match

db.switch.aggregate([
  {$lookup: {
      from: "brand",
      localField: "brand_id",
      foreignField: "_id",
      as: "brand"
  }},
  {$match: {"brand.name": "Cherry MX"}},
])
db.switch.aggregate([
  {$lookup: {
      from: "brand",
      localField: "brand_id",
      foreignField: "_id",
      as: "brand"
  }},
  {$match: {"force": { $gte: 50 }}},
])

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