pyPL

A naive model generator, model checker and theorem prover
for some combinations of classical and intuitionistic, non-modal and modal, propositional and first-order logic, analytic tableau and sequent calculus.

This software can compute

• the denotation (truth value) of a given logical expression in a given structure,
• a tableau or sequent deduction tree with associated minimal (counter) models for a given inference or set of sentences.

Usage notes

Try it out

You can try the model checking feature out here.
For full functionality, install pyPL on your own computer.

Install and run

1. Install dependencies:
   • core functionality: Python (version >= 3.9) + Python packages: os, re
   • for graphical interface: Tk
   • for nicely formatted output: LaTeX with pdflatex + LaTeX packages: geometry, array, forest, amssymb, amsmath, amstext, wasysym, mathtools
2. Download this repository.
3. Execute pyPL/gui.py.

Specify input and view output

Documentation on how to enter formulas, structures and input files can be found in pyPL/doc/parser.md.
Some sample input files are available in pyPL/input.
Generated output files are stored in pyPL/output.

Troubleshooting

Information on the functionality of some of the buttons and options are shown as tooltips on mouse hover.
For troubleshooting information, see pyPL/doc/troubleshooting.md.
If that doesn't help, please open a GitHub issue or e-mail me.

Theory

Some background on the theory underlying the implementation can be found in pyPL/doc/paper.pdf.

Features

Modes

• theorem proving: generate an analytic tableau or sequent tree to show that a formula or inference is valid/invalid
• (counter) model generation: generate a minimal structure in which a given (set of) formulas is true/false
• model checking: evaluation of expressions relative to structures, variable assignments and possible worlds
• truth table generation

Logics

• propositional logic
• first-order logic with zero-place predicates, function symbols and term equality (for function symbols, only model checking)
• intensional logic with operators □, ◇, ^, ⱽ; propositional, constant and varying domains; frame K
• intuitionistic logic with Kripke semantics (for first-order logic, only model checking)

Deduction systems

• analytic tableaux
• sequent calculus (classical logic only)

Interface

• input of formulas and structures with ordinary keyboard characters, directly or from a file
• output in plain text or LaTeX-generated PDF

Restrictions

• model checking works only on structures with finite domains
• model generation and theorem proving works only on formulas of relatively small size due to performance limitations

Known issues

• tableau algorithm relatively inefficient
• GUI and parser can be glitchy (window not scrollable, buttons sometimes not behaving as expected, parser not always recognizing bracketing correctly)
• global variables are bad

Wish list

• useful feedback on incorrectly entered input rather than no parser response
• more efficient proof search and model generation
• in model checking, print out detailed derivation rather than just final result of evaluation
• broader coverage:
  • lambda calculus and e-t type theory
  • more frames for modal logic; temporal logic; first-oder and modal logic for intuitionistic logic; three-valued logic
  • tableaus with free variables
  • other frameworks and calculi, e.g. DRT, ND

Disclaimer

• This implementation is an experimental proof-of-concept. It is not efficient or designed for real-life applications.
• Although the software has been extensively tested, I do not guarantee soundness. Use at your own risk.

Small Print

© 2021-2024 Natalie Clarius <natalie_clarius@yahoo.de> nclarius.github.io

This work is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3.0.
This program comes with absolutely no warranty.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute and/or modify it under certain conditions.

I am glad to receive comments, bug reports and improvement suggestions via GitHub issues or e-mail to natalie.clarius@student.uni-tuebingen.de.