Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5870

Job	Run time
black	35s
clang-format	21s
copyright_headers	18s
cppcheck	7m 9s
flake8	20s
forbidden_types	18s
isort	14s
lychee_IGNORED	25s
mypy	37s
no-crlf	17s
pre-commit-hooks	57s
pydocstyle	24s
pylint	36s
rstcheck	21s
shellcheck	19s
unused_names	18s
vale	59s
sphinx-rtd	3m 33s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	9m 41s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	13m 51s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 47s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	19m 58s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	26m 7s
	1h 46m 25s

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