SX1262/SX1268/LLCC68 Low Power Long Range Transceiver driver for esp-idf.
I ported from here.
Ai-Thinker offers several LoRa modules.
You can get these on AliExpress and eBay.
| Model | Type | Interface/Core | Chip | Frequency | Foot-Pattern | IPEX-Antena | LoRa-WAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ra-01 | Tranceiver | SPI | SX1278 | 410-525Mhz | SMD16 | No | No |
| Ra-02 | Tranceiver | SPI | SX1278 | 410-525Mhz | SMD16 | Yes | No |
| Ra-01H | Tranceiver | SPI | SX1276 | 803-930Mhz | SMD16 | No | No |
| Ra-01S | Tranceiver | SPI | SX1268 | 410-525Mhz | SMD16 | No | No |
| Ra-01SH | Tranceiver | SPI | SX1262 | 803-930Mhz | SMD16 | Yes | No |
| Ra-01SC | Tranceiver | SPI | LLCC68 | 410-525Mhz | SMD16 | Yes | No |
| Ra-06 | MCU | ARM Cortex M0+ | SX1278 | 410-525Mhz | SMD20 | Yes | No |
| Ra-07 | MCU | ARM Cortex M0+ | ASR6501 | 410-525Mhz | SMD18 | No | Yes |
| Ra-07H | MCU | ARM Cortex M0+ | ASR6501 | 803-930Mhz | SMD18 | No | Yes |
| Ra-08 | MCU | ARM Cortex M4 | ASR6601 | 410-525Mhz | SMD18 | No | Yes |
| Ra-08H | MCU | ARM Cortex M4 | ASR6601 | 803-930Mhz | SMD18 | No | Yes |
LoRa modules with SX1262/1268 have several options.
-
Using TCXO(Temperature-Compensated Crystal Oscillator)
SX1262/1268 can use the TCXO.
If the TCXO is used, the XTB pin is not connected.
However, the 6th pin (DIO3) of the SX1262/1268 can be used to power the TCXO.
Explanation for TXCO and antenna control is here.
Ra-01S / Ra-01SH does not use TCXO. -
Power supply modes
SX1262/1268 has two power supply modes.
One is that only LDO used in all modes.
Another is that DC_DC+LDO used for STBY_XOSC,FS, RX and TX modes.
Explanation for LDO and DCDC selection is here.
Ra-01S / Ra-01SH use only LDO in all modes. -
RF-Switching
In general, use DIO2 to switch the RF-Switch.
However, some tranceiver use an external gpio to switch the RF-Switch.
Ra-01S / Ra-01SH use the SC70-6 integrated load switch to switch between RFO and RFI.
Ra-01S / Ra-01SH use DIO2 to control this.
DIO2 = 1, CTRL = 0, RFC for SC70-6 goes to RF1 --> Switch to Tx Mode.
DIO2 = 0, CTRL = 1, RFC for SC70-6 gose to RF2 --> Switch to Rx Mode.
You need to look at the schematic to set these options properly, but it's very esoteric.
The default settings for this library are for Ra-01S / Ra-01SH.
When using other than Ra-01S / Ra-01SH, you need to set them appropriately.
Ra-01SC uses LLCC68.
Ra-01SC is compatible with Ra-01S.
However, there are the following restrictions:
- BW is either 125KHz, 250KHz or 500Khz.
- When BW is 125KHz, SF is in the range of 5-9.
- When BW is 250KHz, SF is in the range of 5-10.
- When BW is 500KHz, SF is in the range of 5-11.
When using LLCC68 other than Ra-01SC, it is necessary to set the options appropriately based on the datasheet.
-
RA-01S
https://docs.ai-thinker.com/_media/lora/docs/ra-01s_specification.pdf -
RA-01SH
https://docs.ai-thinker.com/_media/lora/docs/ra-01sh_specification.pdf -
RA-01SC(Chinese)
https://img.iceasy.com/product/product/files/202108/8a8a8a1a7aec7b55017b2ef70a370953.pdf
RA-0x(SMD16) has the same foot pattern as ESP12.
Therefore, a pitch conversion PCB for ESP12 can be used.
We have pitch conversion PCBs available on eBay and AliExpress.
ESP-IDF V5.0 or later.
ESP-IDF V4.4 release branch reached EOL in July 2024.
git clone https://github.com/nopnop2002/esp-idf-sx126x
cd esp-idf-sx126x/basic/
idf.py set-target {esp32/esp32s2/esp32s3/esp32c2/esp32c3/esp32c6}
idf.py menuconfig
idf.py flashNote for ESP32C3
For some reason, there are development boards that cannot use GPIO06, GPIO08, GPIO09, GPIO19 for SPI clock pins.
According to the ESP32C3 specifications, these pins can also be used as SPI clocks.
I used a raw ESP-C3-13 to verify that these pins could be used as SPI clocks.
LoRa mode has the following three communication parameters.
1.Error Coding Rate (= CR)
2.Signal Bandwidth (= BW)
3.Spreading Factor (= SF)
The communication speed is faster when BW is large, CR is small, and SF is small.
However, as the communication speed increases, the reception sensitivity deteriorates, so select the one that best suits your needs.
-
Error Coding Rate
1:4/5(Default)
2:4/6
3:4/7
4:4/8 -
Signal Bandwidth
1:15.63 kHz
2:31.25 kHz
3:62.50 kHz
4:125 kHz(Default)
5:250 kHz
6:500 kHz -
Spreading Factor
5:SF5
6:SF6
7:SF7(Default)
8:SF8
9:SF9
10:SF10
11:SF11
12:SF12
The ESP32 series has three SPI BUSs.
SPI1_HOST is used for communication with Flash memory.
You can use SPI2_HOST and SPI3_HOST freely.
When you use SDSPI(SD Card via SPI), SDSPI uses SPI2_HOST BUS.
When using this module at the same time as SDSPI or other SPI device using SPI2_HOST, it needs to be changed to SPI3_HOST.
When you don't use SDSPI, both SPI2_HOST and SPI3_HOST will work.
Previously it was called HSPI_HOST / VSPI_HOST, but now it is called SPI2_HOST / SPI3_HOST.
| SX126X | ESP32 | ESP32-S2/S3 | ESP32-C2/C3/C6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BUSY | -- | GPIO17 | GPIO39 | GPIO3 |
| RST | -- | GPIO16 | GPIO38 | GPIO2 |
| TXEN | -- | N/C | N/C | N/C |
| RXEN | -- | N/C | N/C | N/C |
| MISO | -- | GPIO19 | GPIO37 | GPIO4 |
| SCK | -- | GPIO18 | GPIO36 | GPIO5 |
| MOSI | -- | GPIO23 | GPIO35 | GPIO6 |
| NSS | -- | GPIO15 | GPIO34 | GPIO7 |
| GND | -- | GND | GND | GND |
| VCC | -- | 3.3V | 3.3V | 3.3V |
You can change it to any pin using menuconfig.
EBYTE offers several LoRa modules.
You can get these on AliExpress and eBay.
| Model | Interface | Chip | Frequency | Power | Foot-Patten | IPEX-Antena | LoRa-WAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E22-400M22S | SPI | SX1268 | 433/470Mhz | 160mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E22-400M30S | SPI | SX1268 | 433/470Mhz | 1000mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E22-400MM22S | SPI | SX1268 | 433/470Mhz | 160mW | Small | No | No |
| E22-900M22S | SPI | SX1262 | 868/915Mhz | 160mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E22-900M30S | SPI | SX1262 | 868/915Mhz | 1000mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E22-900MM22S | SPI | SX1262 | 868/915Mhz | 160mW | Small | No | No |
With this change it work.
Two additional wires are required.
| SX126X | ESP32 | ESP32-S2/S3 | ESP32-C2/C3/C6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TXEN | -- | 5 | 5 | 1 |
| RXEN | -- | 4 | 4 | 0 |
The pitch conversion base is here.
SX1262 and LLCC68 are compatible, but the following modules do not work for some reason.
| Model | Interface | Chip | Frequency | Power | Foot-Patten | IPEX-Antena | LoRa-WAN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E220-400M22S | SPI | LLCC68 | 433/470Mhz | 160mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E220-400M30S | SPI | LLCC68 | 433/470Mhz | 1000mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E220-900M22S | SPI | LLCC68 | 868/915Mhz | 160mW | Standard | Yes | No |
| E220-900M30S | SPI | LLCC68 | 868/915Mhz | 1000mW | Standard | Yes | No |
Works with the same changes as EBYTE Module.
- The SX126x chip implements FSK, but FSK is not supported in this library.
- Interrupts is not supported in this library.
If an error occurs within the library, this library calls the following function:
void LoRaError(int error);
This function is defined as a weak function, so you can change it to whatever you like.
void LoRaError(int error)
{
# Place your favorite code
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "LoRaError=%d", error);
while (true) {
vTaskDelay(1);
}
}
If it doesn't look like this at boot time, the wirering is incorrect.
I (3425) RA01S: syncWord=0x1424
I (3425) RA01S: SX126x installed
If that doesn't work, enable LoRaDebugPrint.
This is my logging.
I (0) cpu_start: Starting scheduler on APP CPU.
I (332) main: Frequency is 433MHz
I (332) RA01S: CONFIG_MISO_GPIO=19
I (342) RA01S: CONFIG_MOSI_GPIO=23
I (342) RA01S: CONFIG_SCLK_GPIO=18
I (352) RA01S: CONFIG_NSS_GPIO=15
I (352) RA01S: CONFIG_RST_GPIO=16
I (352) RA01S: CONFIG_BUSY_GPIO=17
I (362) RA01S: CONFIG_TXEN_GPIO=-1
I (362) RA01S: CONFIG_RXEN_GPIO=-1
I (372) gpio: GPIO[15]| InputEn: 0| OutputEn: 0| OpenDrain: 0| Pullup: 1| Pulldown: 0| Intr:0
I (382) gpio: GPIO[16]| InputEn: 0| OutputEn: 0| OpenDrain: 0| Pullup: 1| Pulldown: 0| Intr:0
I (392) gpio: GPIO[17]| InputEn: 0| OutputEn: 0| OpenDrain: 0| Pullup: 1| Pulldown: 0| Intr:0
I (392) RA01S: spi_bus_initialize=0
I (402) RA01S: spi_bus_add_device=0
I (442) RA01S: Reset
I (442) RA01S: ReadRegister: REG=0x740
I (442) RA01S: DataIn:14
I (442) RA01S: DataIn:24
I (452) RA01S: syncWord=0x1424
I (452) RA01S: SX126x installed
I (452) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x80
I (462) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (462) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x9d
I (472) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (472) RA01S: tcxoVoltage=0.000000
I (472) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x89
I (482) RA01S: 7f --> a2
I (482) RA01S: useRegulatorLDO=0
I (482) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x96
I (492) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (492) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x8f
I (502) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (502) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (502) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x95
I (512) RA01S: 04 --> a2
I (512) RA01S: 07 --> a2
I (512) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (522) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (522) RA01S: WriteRegister: REG=0x8e7
I (522) RA01S: 18 --> a2
I (532) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x8e
I (532) RA01S: 16 --> a2
I (532) RA01S: 04 --> a2
I (542) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x98
I (542) RA01S: 6b --> a2
I (552) RA01S: 6f --> a2
I (552) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x86
I (552) RA01S: 1b --> a2
I (562) RA01S: 10 --> a2
I (562) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (562) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (572) MAIN: LoRaBegin=0
I (572) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x9f
I (572) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (582) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0xa0
I (582) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (582) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x8a
I (592) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (592) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x8b
I (602) RA01S: 07 --> a2
I (602) RA01S: 04 --> a2
I (602) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (612) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (612) RA01S: ReadRegister: REG=0x736
I (612) RA01S: DataIn:0d
I (622) RA01S: WriteRegister: REG=0x736
I (622) RA01S: 09 --> a2
I (622) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x8c
I (632) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (632) RA01S: 08 --> a2
I (642) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (642) RA01S: ff --> a2
I (642) RA01S: 01 --> a2
I (652) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (652) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x08
I (652) RA01S: 03 --> a2
I (662) RA01S: ff --> a2
I (662) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (662) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (672) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (672) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (672) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (682) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (682) RA01S: ----- SetRx timeout=16777215
I (682) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x80
I (692) RA01S: 00 --> a2
I (692) RA01S: SetRxEnable:SX126x_TXEN=-1 SX126x_RXEN=-1
I (702) RA01S: WriteCommand: CMD=0x82
I (702) RA01S: ff --> a2
I (702) RA01S: ff --> a2
I (712) RA01S: ff --> a2
I (712) RA01S: ReadCommand: CMD=0xc0
I (712) RA01S: DataIn:52
I (722) RA01S: ReadCommand: CMD=0xc0
I (722) RA01S: DataIn:52
I (732) task_tx: Start
If this error occurs, check the antenna.
E (14993) RA01S: SetTx Illegal Status
LoRa's packet format is strictly specified.
Therefore, if the following three parameters are the same, they can communicate with each other.
- Signal Bandwidth (= BW)
- Error Cording Rate (= CR)
- Spreading Factor (= SF)
In LoRa modulation mode, the communication speed (bps) and maximum reception sensitivity (RSSI) are determined by a combination of spreading factor (SF), bandwidth (BW), and coding rate (CDR).
- SF
Increasing SF increases the spreading factor and improves noise resistance.
This improves reception sensitivity and extends communication distance, but communication speed decreases. - BW
Bandwidth sets the width of the communication band. Setting a larger bandwidth will improve communication speed.
However, the radio reception sensitivity (RSSI) will decrease. - CDR
CDR (CodingRate) sets the level of error correction rate.
The larger the number, the better the correction rate, but the amount of information per packet increases.
(No effect on maximum reception sensitivity)
You can set whether to use Optimaise for each CDR, and enabling it will improve the correction rate, but will reduce communication speed.
This will be helpful.
