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Edits
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arokem authored May 30, 2024
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94 changes: 76 additions & 18 deletions poster.Rmd
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---
poster_height: 46in
poster_width: 33in

title: "Structural cerebellar connectivity in schizophrenia: Support for the cognitive dysmetria theory"
author:
- name: Teresa Gomez
affil: 1
orcid: '0000-0001-1111-1111' #TODO
orcid: '0000-0001-7909-4430'
- name: Ariel Rokem
affil: 1
orcid: '0000-0003-0679-1985'
affiliation:
- num: 1
address: Department of Psychology, University of Washington
affiliation_textsize: "16pt"

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output:
posterdown::posterdown_html:
self_contained: true
pandoc_args: ["--csl=science-without-titles.csl"]

header-includes:
- \usepackage[labelformat=empty]{caption}

bibliography: references.bib

knit: pagedown::chrome_print
header-includes: |
\usepackage{dcolumn}

---
```
<style>
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height: 165mm; }
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width: 10%;
height: 10%
}
</style>
```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE)
```

<!-- #region -->
# Background

- Some kind of background
- Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder that carries significant health burden.
- The *cognitive dysmetria* theory of schizophrenia posits that the core cognitive deficits arise from dysfunctions of cortical-thalamic-cerebellar (CTC) circuits [@Andreasen1998-gg]
- Previous research found increased functional connectivity in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (Cao et al. 2018).
- This hyperconnectivity was more pronounced in individuals who converted to psychosis, correlated to the severity of symptoms, and was predictive of the time to conversion.
- Cerebellar peduncles (Palesi et al., 2015)

# Methods
**QUESTION**: Are the physical properties of the white matter tracts of the CTC different in individuals with SZ?

- Something about the methods
- We used pyAFQ []
- We used GAMs [@Muncy2022GAMs]
# Methods

![](./images/OHBM-SZ-SCP-methods.png)
- Data: the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics LA5c Study (Gorgolewski et al. 2017, Bilder et al. 2020), which includes diffusion MRI (dMRI) data from 49 participants with SZ (mean age: 36.2 +/- 8.8 SD; 12 female) and 123 controls (CTRL) (mean age: 31.6 +/- 8.8 SD; 58 female). (ADHD/BPD)
- The data were processed using QSIPREP (Cieslak et al. 2021) and pyAFQ [@Kruper2021-az] (Yeatman et al. 2012)
- The SCPs were identified in each individual using pyAFQ and anatomical criteria that capture the decussation of these bundles. [Jossinger]
- This resulted in tract profiles of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in each white matter pathway (100 nodes each).
- We then fit generalized additive models (GAMs) for FA and MD in each bundle as a function of diagnosis (entered as a factor: SZ or CTRL), nodeID (modeled with an adaptive smooth, where degree of the smooth is determined as the k that minimizes the AIC), age, sex (entered as a factor) and data quality (quantified as the neighbor correlation from QSIPREP). [@Muncy2022GAMs]

# Main Results

- Here's where we put in some results
# Results

<!-- #region -->
- MD differed significantly in the left superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) between the SZ and CTRL groups (p<0.05). (but not ADHD/BPD)
- Individuals with SZ had lower MD in this tract than the matched controls.
- This finding held after adding medication as a covariate (haloperidol equivalent dosage).
- No other significant differences were found.

# Additional Results
- Some more results
# Conclusions

- We found decreased MD in the left SCP, a component of the CTC.
- Lower MD may indicated increased myelination and therefore increased connectivity.
- Increased density and directional coherence (but not axonal diameter) may also have similar effects on MD.
- These results appear in line with previous fMRI results that found increased functional connectivity in the CTC in individuals with SZ. [Cao]
- This provides additional support for the cognitive dysmetria theory of SZ.

# Conclusions
- Some kind of conclusion.

# Acknowledgements

Expand Down
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