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| --- | ||
| title: 'Gala: A Python package for galactic dynamics' | ||
| title: '`pytch`: A Real-Time Pitch Analysis Tool For Polyphonic Music' | ||
| tags: | ||
| - Python | ||
| - astronomy | ||
| - dynamics | ||
| - galactic dynamics | ||
| - milky way | ||
| - Audio Processing | ||
| - Music Information Retrieval | ||
| - Singing Voice Analysis | ||
| - GUI | ||
| authors: | ||
| - name: Adrian M. Price-Whelan | ||
| orcid: 0000-0000-0000-0000 | ||
| equal-contrib: true | ||
| affiliation: "1, 2" # (Multiple affiliations must be quoted) | ||
| - name: Author Without ORCID | ||
| equal-contrib: true # (This is how you can denote equal contributions between multiple authors) | ||
| affiliation: 2 | ||
| - name: Author with no affiliation | ||
| corresponding: true # (This is how to denote the corresponding author) | ||
| affiliation: 3 | ||
| - given-names: Ludwig | ||
| dropping-particle: van | ||
| surname: Beethoven | ||
| - name: Sebastian Rosenzweig | ||
| orcid: 0000-0003-4964-9217 | ||
| corresponding: true | ||
| affiliation: 1 | ||
| - name: Marius Kriegerowski | ||
| orcid: | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 3 | ||
| - name: Lukas Dietz | ||
| orcid: | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 5 | ||
| - name: Peter Meier | ||
| orcid: 0000-0002-3094-1931 | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 2 | ||
| - name: Sebastian Strahl | ||
| orcid: 0009-0007-9654-7762 | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 2 | ||
| - name: Frank Scherbaum | ||
| orcid: 0000-0002-5050-7331 | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 2 | ||
| - name: Meinard Müller | ||
| orcid: 0000-0001-6062-7524 | ||
| corresponding: false | ||
| affiliation: 2 | ||
|
|
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| affiliations: | ||
| - name: Lyman Spitzer, Jr. Fellow, Princeton University, United States | ||
| - name: Audoo Ltd., London, UK | ||
| index: 1 | ||
| ror: 00hx57361 | ||
| - name: Institution Name, Country | ||
| - name: International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Germany | ||
| index: 2 | ||
| - name: Independent Researcher, Country | ||
| - name: University of Potsdam, Germany | ||
| index: 3 | ||
| date: 13 August 2017 | ||
| - name: Independent Researcher, Berlin, Germany | ||
| index: 4 | ||
| - name: Tantive GmbH, Nürnberg Germany | ||
| index: 5 | ||
| date: 7 March 2025 | ||
| bibliography: paper.bib | ||
|
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||
| # Optional fields if submitting to a AAS journal too, see this blog post: | ||
| # https://blog.joss.theoj.org/2018/12/a-new-collaboration-with-aas-publishing | ||
| aas-doi: 10.3847/xxxxx <- update this with the DOI from AAS once you know it. | ||
| aas-journal: Astrophysical Journal <- The name of the AAS journal. | ||
| --- | ||
|
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||
| # Summary | ||
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| The forces on stars, galaxies, and dark matter under external gravitational | ||
| fields lead to the dynamical evolution of structures in the universe. The orbits | ||
| of these bodies are therefore key to understanding the formation, history, and | ||
| future state of galaxies. The field of "galactic dynamics," which aims to model | ||
| the gravitating components of galaxies to study their structure and evolution, | ||
| is now well-established, commonly taught, and frequently used in astronomy. | ||
| Aside from toy problems and demonstrations, the majority of problems require | ||
| efficient numerical tools, many of which require the same base code (e.g., for | ||
| performing numerical orbit integration). | ||
|
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| # Statement of need | ||
| # Graphical User Interface (GUI) | ||
| { width=90% } | ||
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| `Gala` is an Astropy-affiliated Python package for galactic dynamics. Python | ||
| enables wrapping low-level languages (e.g., C) for speed without losing | ||
| flexibility or ease-of-use in the user-interface. The API for `Gala` was | ||
| designed to provide a class-based and user-friendly interface to fast (C or | ||
| Cython-optimized) implementations of common operations such as gravitational | ||
| potential and force evaluation, orbit integration, dynamical transformations, | ||
| and chaos indicators for nonlinear dynamics. `Gala` also relies heavily on and | ||
| interfaces well with the implementations of physical units and astronomical | ||
| coordinate systems in the `Astropy` package [@astropy] (`astropy.units` and | ||
| `astropy.coordinates`). | ||
| A screenshot of the main GUI is shown in Figure \autoref{fig:GUI}. | ||
|
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| `Gala` was designed to be used by both astronomical researchers and by | ||
| students in courses on gravitational dynamics or astronomy. It has already been | ||
| used in a number of scientific publications [@Pearson:2017] and has also been | ||
| used in graduate courses on Galactic dynamics to, e.g., provide interactive | ||
| visualizations of textbook material [@Binney:2008]. The combination of speed, | ||
| design, and support for Astropy functionality in `Gala` will enable exciting | ||
| scientific explorations of forthcoming data releases from the *Gaia* mission | ||
| [@gaia] by students and experts alike. | ||
| # Audio Processing | ||
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| # Mathematics | ||
| # Statement of Need | ||
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| Single dollars ($) are required for inline mathematics e.g. $f(x) = e^{\pi/x}$ | ||
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| Double dollars make self-standing equations: | ||
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| $$\Theta(x) = \left\{\begin{array}{l} | ||
| 0\textrm{ if } x < 0\cr | ||
| 1\textrm{ else} | ||
| \end{array}\right.$$ | ||
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| You can also use plain \LaTeX for equations | ||
| \begin{equation}\label{eq:fourier} | ||
| \hat f(\omega) = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x) e^{i\omega x} dx | ||
| \end{equation} | ||
| and refer to \autoref{eq:fourier} from text. | ||
|
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| # Citations | ||
|
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| Citations to entries in paper.bib should be in | ||
| [rMarkdown](http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/authoring_bibliographies_and_citations.html) | ||
| format. | ||
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| If you want to cite a software repository URL (e.g. something on GitHub without a preferred | ||
| citation) then you can do it with the example BibTeX entry below for @fidgit. | ||
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| For a quick reference, the following citation commands can be used: | ||
| - `@author:2001` -> "Author et al. (2001)" | ||
| - `[@author:2001]` -> "(Author et al., 2001)" | ||
| - `[@author1:2001; @author2:2001]` -> "(Author1 et al., 2001; Author2 et al., 2002)" | ||
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| # Figures | ||
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| Figures can be included like this: | ||
|  | ||
| and referenced from text using \autoref{fig:example}. | ||
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| Figure sizes can be customized by adding an optional second parameter: | ||
| { width=20% } | ||
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| # Acknowledgements | ||
|
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| We acknowledge contributions from Brigitta Sipocz, Syrtis Major, and Semyeong | ||
| Oh, and support from Kathryn Johnston during the genesis of this project. | ||
| We would like to thank all singers that helped developing this tool. The International Audio Laboratories Erlangen are a joint institution of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS. | ||
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| # References |