Update and document CO2 capture rates and costs of X-to-Liquids / X-to-Gases technologies

[fschreyer]

Purpose of this PR

This addresses the issue on carbon flows in the energy system. It is related to #1876.

In particular, this PR adapts the CO2 capture rates of different X-to-Liquids and X-Gases technologies assuming that only 10% of the input carbon are lost (vented) during the gasification / syngas production step (consistent with X-to-H2 w/ capture technologies) and only 5% are lost during the follow-up step of FT-synthesis or methanation. This changes co2 capture rates as follows:

• increase bioftcrec: capture rate to 14.6 GtC/ZJ: 58% of carbon input
• increase biogasc capture rate to 14.1 GtC/ZJ: 56% of carbon input
• decrease coalftcrec capture rate to 15.8 GtC/ZJ (60%)
• decrease gasftcrec capture rate to 0.2 GtC/ZJ (1.3%)

CCU technologies (synthetic liquids and synthetic gas production) now also see carbon efficiency of 95%, i.e. 5% of captured carbon does not end up in output fuel.

Moreover, costs of some of the technologies are modified.

• CAPEX/OPEX of synthetic liquids and synthetic gas technologies back to original parameterization based on Agora (2018)
• slightly lower bioftcrec CAPEX in line with Liu et al.
• lower gasftrec/gasftcrec CAPEX in line with assumptions for Coal-to-Liquids / Gas-to-H2 technologies

Please see issue for comparison plots of results.

Type of change

(Make sure to delete from the Type-of-change list the items not relevant to your PR)

• Bug fix

Checklist:

• My code follows the coding etiquette
• I performed a self-review of my own code
• I explained my changes within the PR, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I checked that the in-code documentation is up-to-date
• I adjusted the reporting in remind2 where it was needed
• I adjusted forbiddenColumnNames in readCheckScenarioConfig.R in case the PR leads to deprecated switches
• All automated model tests pass (FAIL 0 in the output of make test)
• The changelog CHANGELOG.md has been updated correctly

Further information (optional):

• Test runs are here:
• Comparison of results (what changes by this PR?):
  /p/tmp/schreyer/Modeling/remind/NewDevs/compScen-BioTechUpdateNew-2024-11-12_10.25.16-H12.pdf