This describes simple performance measurements of several open source UPFs by using PacketRusher as the performance measurement tool. For this measurement, OsmoUPF was added since previous measurement. PacketRusher is also featured on HPE Developer Blog.
Note. This is a very simple measurement, and according to this comment, it doesn't seem to make much sense to measure between Virtualbox VMs. I hope it will serve as a reference for a simple configuration when measuring on real devices.
- Simple Overview of UPF Performance Measurements
- Changes in configuration files of Open5GS, free5GC, UPFs and PacketRusher
- Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC C-Plane
- Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC C-Plane
- Changes in configuration files of UPFs
- a-1. Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC UPF (TUN)
- a-2. Changes in configuration files of Open5GS 5GC UPF (TAP)
- b. Changes in configuration files of UPG-VPP
- c. Changes in configuration files of eUPF
- d. Changes in configuration files of OsmoUPF
- e. Changes in configuration files of free5GC 5GC UPF
- Changes in configuration files of PacketRusher
- Network settings of UPFs and Data Network Gateway
- Build Open5GS, free5GC, UPFs and PacketRusher
- Run Open5GS, free5GC and UPFs
- Measure using PacketRusher
- Results
- Changelog (summary)
Using Open5GS for 5GC, I will easily measure the performance of several open source UPFs with PacketRusher. Note that this configuration is implemented with Virtualbox VMs.
The following minimum configuration was set as a condition.
- Only one each for C-Plane, U-Plane(UPF) and RAN&UE(performance measurement tool).
The built simulation environment is as follows.
The 5GC / RAN&UE used are as follows.
- 5GC - Open5GS v2.7.2 (2024.09.04) - https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs
for Open5GS UPF, UPG-VPP, eUPF and OsmoUPF - 5GC - free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.09.12) - https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc
for free5GC UPF (go-upf) - RAN&UE - PacketRusher 20240521 (2024.06.24) - https://github.com/HewlettPackard/PacketRusher
(RAN) - gtp5g v0.9.1 (2024.08.15) - https://github.com/free5gc/gtp5g
The UPFs used are as follows.
- Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 (2024.09.04) - https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs
- UPG-VPP v1.13.0 (2024.03.25) - https://github.com/travelping/upg-vpp
- eUPF v0.6.4 (2024.05.01) - https://github.com/edgecomllc/eupf
- OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 (2024.08.16) - https://gitea.osmocom.org/cellular-infrastructure/osmo-upf
- free5GC UPF (go-upf) v1.2.3 (2024.05.11) - https://github.com/free5gc/go-upf
gtp5g v0.8.10 (2024.06.03) - https://github.com/free5gc/gtp5g
Each VMs are as follows.
| VM | SW & Role | IP address | OS | CPU | Mem | HDD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | Open5GS 5GC C-Plane | 192.168.0.111/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 1 | 2GB | 20GB |
| VM-UP | each UPF U-Plane | 192.168.0.151/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 or 22.04 |
2 | 8GB | 20GB |
| VM-DN | Data Network Gateway | 192.168.0.152/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 2 | 2GB | 10GB |
| VM2 | PacketRusher RAN&UE | 192.168.0.131/24 | Ubuntu 24.04 | 2 | 2GB | 10GB |
Each VM-UP(UPFs) are as follows.
| # | SW | Date | Commit | OS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 | 2024.09.04 | 6d80d4322a6daf4420c39f2edb1d1d8585a577a0 |
Ubuntu 24.04 |
| b | UPG-VPP v1.13.0 | 2024.03.25 | dfdf64000566d35955d7c180720ff66086bd3572 |
Ubuntu 22.04 |
| c | eUPF v0.6.4 | 2024.05.01 | 0f704deaca67766733a447f4680cf4d77e638934 |
Ubuntu 24.04 |
| d | OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 | 2024.08.16 | 6859de09d2ae0e363070e152489d9f8579085aa8 |
Ubuntu 24.04 |
| e | free5GC UPF (go-upf) v1.2.3 |
2024.05.11 | 922281ba58b6ca42d73be218671c8feae3658420 |
Ubuntu 24.04 |
The network interfaces of each VM except VM-UP are as follows.
| VM | Device | Network Adapter | Adapter Type | IP address | Interface |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | enp0s3 | NAT(default) | 82540EM | 10.0.2.15/24 | (VM default NW) |
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.111/24 | (Mgmt NW) | |
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.14.111/24 | N4 | |
| VM-DN | enp0s3 | NAT(default) | 82540EM | 10.0.2.15/24 | (VM default NW) |
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.152/24 | (Mgmt NW) | |
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.16.152/24 | N6 default GW for VM-UP |
|
| VM2 | enp0s3 | NAT(default) | 82540EM | 10.0.2.15/24 | (VM default NW) |
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.131/24 | (Mgmt NW) | |
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.13.131/24 | N3 |
The network interfaces of each VM-UP(UPFs) are as follows.
Note that UPFs from a to d connect to Open5GS CN, but e free5GC UPF does not support FTUP flag in PFCP Association Setup Request/Respose, so it connects to free5GC CN.
| # | SW | Device | Network Adapter | Adapter Type | IP address | Interface |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | Open5GS UPF | down |
||||
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.151/24 | (Mgmt NW) | ||
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.13.151/24 | N3 | ||
| enp0s10 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.14.151/24 | N4 | ||
| enp0s16 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.16.151/24 | N6 | ||
| b | UPG-VPP | enp0s3 | NAT(default) | 82540EM | 10.0.2.15/24 | (VM default NW) |
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.151/24 | (Mgmt NW) | ||
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | 82540EM | 192.168.13.151/24 | N3 (Under DPDK by vfio-pci) |
||
| enp0s10 | NAT Network | 82540EM | 192.168.14.151/24 | N4 (Under DPDK by vfio-pci) |
||
| enp0s16 | NAT Network | 82540EM | 192.168.16.151/24 | N6 (Under DPDK by vfio-pci) |
||
| c | eUPF | down |
||||
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.151/24 | (Mgmt NW) | ||
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.13.151/24 | N3 (XDP) | ||
| enp0s10 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.14.151/24 | N4 | ||
| enp0s16 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.16.151/24 | N6 (XDP) | ||
| d | OsmoUPF | down |
||||
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.151/24 | (Mgmt NW) | ||
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.13.151/24 | N3 | ||
| enp0s10 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.14.151/24 | N4 | ||
| enp0s16 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.16.151/24 | N6 | ||
| e | free5GC UPF (go-upf) |
down |
||||
| enp0s8 | Bridged Adapter | 82540EM | 192.168.0.151/24 | (Mgmt NW) | ||
| enp0s9 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.13.151/24 | N3 | ||
| enp0s10 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.14.151/24 | N4 | ||
| enp0s16 | NAT Network | virtio-net | 192.168.16.151/24 | N6 |
NAT networks of Virtualbox are as follows.
| Network Name | Network CIDR |
|---|---|
| N3 | 192.168.13.0/24 |
| N4 | 192.168.14.0/24 |
| N6 | 192.168.16.0/24 |
The main subscriber Information is as follows. Please register the subscriber information on each WebConsole of Open5GS and free5GC.
| IMSI | DNN | DN | Key & OPc | S-NSSAI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 001010000001000 | internet | 10.45.0.0/16 | Key:465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BCOPc:E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA |
SST:1 SD:010203 |
Please refer to the following for building Open5GS, free5GC, UPFs and PacketRusher respectively.
- Open5GS v2.7.2 (2024.09.04) - https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/
- free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.09.12) - https://free5gc.org/guide/
- UPG-VPP v1.13.0 (2024.03.25) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_vpp_upf_dpdk#annex_1
- eUPF v0.6.4 (2024.05.01) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_eupf
- OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 (2024.08.16) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_osmoupf
- free5GC UPF (go-upf) v1.2.3 (2024.05.11) - https://free5gc.org/guide/
- PacketRusher 20240521 (2024.06.24) - https://github.com/HewlettPackard/PacketRusher/wiki
open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/amf.yaml
--- amf.yaml.orig 2024-05-11 22:43:06.000000000 +0900
+++ amf.yaml 2024-05-31 19:06:09.171978977 +0900
@@ -20,29 +20,32 @@
- uri: http://127.0.0.200:7777
ngap:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.5
+ - address: 192.168.0.111
metrics:
server:
- address: 127.0.0.5
port: 9090
guami:
- plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
amf_id:
region: 2
set: 1
tai:
- plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
tac: 1
plmn_support:
- plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
s_nssai:
- sst: 1
+ sd: 1
+ - sst: 1
+ sd: 010203
security:
integrity_order : [ NIA2, NIA1, NIA0 ]
ciphering_order : [ NEA0, NEA1, NEA2 ]open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/nrf.yaml
--- nrf.yaml.orig 2024-05-11 22:43:06.000000000 +0900
+++ nrf.yaml 2024-05-12 03:26:28.737595527 +0900
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
nrf:
serving: # 5G roaming requires PLMN in NRF
- plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
sbi:
server:
- address: 127.0.0.10open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml
--- smf.yaml.orig 2024-06-01 00:21:43.876916232 +0900
+++ smf.yaml 2024-05-12 03:30:16.250185155 +0900
@@ -20,16 +20,13 @@
- uri: http://127.0.0.200:7777
pfcp:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.4
+ - address: 192.168.14.111
client:
upf:
- - address: 127.0.0.7
- gtpc:
- server:
- - address: 127.0.0.4
+ - address: 192.168.14.151
gtpu:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.4
+ - address: 192.168.14.111
metrics:
server:
- address: 127.0.0.4
@@ -37,20 +34,17 @@
session:
- subnet: 10.45.0.0/16
gateway: 10.45.0.1
- - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::/48
- gateway: 2001:db8:cafe::1
+ dnn: internet
dns:
- 8.8.8.8
- 8.8.4.4
- - 2001:4860:4860::8888
- - 2001:4860:4860::8844
mtu: 1400
# p-cscf:
# - 127.0.0.1
# - ::1
# ctf:
# enabled: auto # auto(default)|yes|no
- freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
+# freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/smf.conf
################################################################################
# SMF Infofree5gc/config/amfcfg.yaml
--- amfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-01 09:47:28.519041774 +0900
+++ amfcfg.yaml 2024-09-01 10:18:42.528504816 +0900
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
configuration:
amfName: AMF # the name of this AMF
ngapIpList: # the IP list of N2 interfaces on this AMF
- - 127.0.0.18
+ - 192.168.0.111
ngapPort: 38412 # the SCTP port listened by NGAP
sbi: # Service-based interface information
scheme: http # the protocol for sbi (http or https)
@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@
servedGuamiList: # Guami (Globally Unique AMF ID) list supported by this AMF
# <GUAMI> = <MCC><MNC><AMF ID>
- plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID, <PLMN ID> = <MCC><MNC>
- mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
amfId: cafe00 # AMF identifier (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)
supportTaiList: # the TAI (Tracking Area Identifier) list supported by this AMF
- plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID, <PLMN ID> = <MCC><MNC>
- mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
tac: 000001 # Tracking Area Code (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)
plmnSupportList: # the PLMNs (Public land mobile network) list supported by this AMF
- plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID, <PLMN ID> = <MCC><MNC>
- mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
snssaiList: # the S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information) list supported by this AMF
- sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)
sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)free5gc/config/ausfcfg.yaml
--- ausfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-01 09:47:28.519041774 +0900
+++ ausfcfg.yaml 2024-09-01 09:55:53.372615743 +0900
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@
nrfUri: http://127.0.0.10:8000 # a valid URI of NRF
nrfCertPem: cert/nrf.pem # NRF Certificate
plmnSupportList: # the PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Network) list supported by this AUSF
- - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- - mcc: 123 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 45 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
groupId: ausfGroup001 # ID for the group of the AUSF
eapAkaSupiImsiPrefix: false # including "imsi-" prefix or not when using the SUPI to do EAP-AKA' authentication
free5gc/config/nrfcfg.yaml
--- nrfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-01 09:47:28.520041774 +0900
+++ nrfcfg.yaml 2024-09-01 09:56:09.974381863 +0900
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
key: cert/root.key
oauth: true
DefaultPlmnId:
- mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
serviceNameList: # the SBI services provided by this NRF, refer to TS 29.510
- nnrf-nfm # Nnrf_NFManagement service
- nnrf-disc # Nnrf_NFDiscovery servicefree5gc/config/nssfcfg.yaml
--- nssfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-01 09:47:28.521041774 +0900
+++ nssfcfg.yaml 2024-09-01 09:56:46.775178233 +0900
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@
nrfUri: http://127.0.0.10:8000 # a valid URI of NRF
nrfCertPem: cert/nrf.pem # NRF Certificate
supportedPlmnList: # the PLMNs (Public land mobile network) list supported by this NSSF
- - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
supportedNssaiInPlmnList: # Supported S-NSSAI List for each PLMN
- plmnId: # Public Land Mobile Network ID, <PLMN ID> = <MCC><MNC>
- mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
supportedSnssaiList: # Supported S-NSSAIs of the PLMN
- sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)
sd: 010203 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)free5gc/config/smfcfg.yaml
--- smfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-23 13:42:26.577294410 +0900
+++ smfcfg.yaml 2024-09-23 13:51:22.430033125 +0900
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
ipv4: 8.8.8.8
ipv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888
plmnList: # the list of PLMN IDs that this SMF belongs to (optional, remove this key when unnecessary)
- - mcc: 208 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
- mnc: 93 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ - mcc: 001 # Mobile Country Code (3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
+ mnc: 01 # Mobile Network Code (2 or 3 digits string, digit: 0~9)
locality: area1 # Name of the location where a set of AMF, SMF, PCF and UPFs are located
pfcp: # the IP address of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)
# addr config is deprecated in smf config v1.0.3, please use the following config
- nodeID: 127.0.0.1 # the Node ID of this SMF
- listenAddr: 127.0.0.1 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)
- externalAddr: 127.0.0.1 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)
+ nodeID: 192.168.14.111 # the Node ID of this SMF
+ listenAddr: 192.168.14.111 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)
+ externalAddr: 192.168.14.111 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this SMF (PFCP)
assocFailAlertInterval: 10s
assocFailRetryInterval: 30s
heartbeatInterval: 10s
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
type: AN # the type of the node (AN or UPF)
UPF: # the name of the node
type: UPF # the type of the node (AN or UPF)
- nodeID: 127.0.0.8 # the Node ID of this UPF
- addr: 127.0.0.8 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this UPF (PFCP)
+ nodeID: 192.168.14.151 # the Node ID of this UPF
+ addr: 192.168.14.151 # the IP/FQDN of N4 interface on this UPF (PFCP)
sNssaiUpfInfos: # S-NSSAI information list for this UPF
- sNssai: # S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information)
sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@
dnnUpfInfoList: # DNN information list for this S-NSSAI
- dnn: internet
pools:
- - cidr: 10.60.0.0/16
+ - cidr: 10.45.0.0/16
staticPools:
- - cidr: 10.60.100.0/24
+ - cidr: 10.45.100.0/24
- sNssai: # S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information)
sst: 1 # Slice/Service Type (uinteger, range: 0~255)
sd: 112233 # Slice Differentiator (3 bytes hex string, range: 000000~FFFFFF)
@@ -75,12 +75,14 @@
interfaces: # Interface list for this UPF
- interfaceType: N3 # the type of the interface (N3 or N9)
endpoints: # the IP address of this N3/N9 interface on this UPF
- - 127.0.0.8
+ - 192.168.13.151
networkInstances: # Data Network Name (DNN)
- internet
links: # the topology graph of userplane, A and B represent the two nodes of each link
- A: gNB1
B: UPF
+ ulcl: false
+ nwInstFqdnEncoding: true
# retransmission timer for pdu session modification command
t3591:
enable: true # true or falseopen5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig 2024-05-02 19:52:00.000000000 +0900
+++ upf.yaml 2024-05-19 12:38:00.000000000 +0900
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@
upf:
pfcp:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.7
+ - address: 192.168.14.151
client:
# smf: # UPF PFCP Client try to associate SMF PFCP Server
# - address: 127.0.0.4
gtpu:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.7
+ - address: 192.168.13.151
session:
- subnet: 10.45.0.0/16
gateway: 10.45.0.1
- - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::/48
- gateway: 2001:db8:cafe::1
+ dnn: internet
+ dev: ogstun
metrics:
server:
- address: 127.0.0.7open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig 2024-05-02 19:52:00.000000000 +0900
+++ upf.yaml 2024-09-23 14:00:20.724467385 +0900
@@ -11,18 +11,18 @@
upf:
pfcp:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.7
+ - address: 192.168.14.151
client:
# smf: # UPF PFCP Client try to associate SMF PFCP Server
# - address: 127.0.0.4
gtpu:
server:
- - address: 127.0.0.7
+ - address: 192.168.13.151
session:
- subnet: 10.45.0.0/16
gateway: 10.45.0.1
- - subnet: 2001:db8:cafe::/48
- gateway: 2001:db8:cafe::1
+ dnn: internet
+ dev: ogstap
metrics:
server:
- address: 127.0.0.7See here for the original files.
-
openair-upf/startup.conf
There is no change. -
openair-upf/init.conf
There is no change.
See here for the original file.
eupf/config.yml
There is no change.
See here for the original file.
osmocom/osmo-upf.cfg
There is no change.
go-upf/upfcfg.yaml
--- upfcfg.yaml.orig 2024-09-01 10:10:11.371250228 +0900
+++ upfcfg.yaml 2024-09-23 13:40:23.541897048 +0900
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
# The listen IP and nodeID of the N4 interface on this UPF (Can't set to 0.0.0.0)
pfcp:
- addr: 127.0.0.8 # IP addr for listening
- nodeID: 127.0.0.8 # External IP or FQDN can be reached
+ addr: 192.168.14.151 # IP addr for listening
+ nodeID: 192.168.14.151 # External IP or FQDN can be reached
retransTimeout: 1s # retransmission timeout
maxRetrans: 3 # the max number of retransmission
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
# The IP list of the N3/N9 interfaces on this UPF
# If there are multiple connection, set addr to 0.0.0.0 or list all the addresses
ifList:
- - addr: 127.0.0.8
+ - addr: 192.168.13.151
type: N3
# name: upf.5gc.nctu.me
# ifname: gtpif
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
# The DNN list supported by UPF
dnnList:
- dnn: internet # Data Network Name
- cidr: 10.60.0.0/16 # Classless Inter-Domain Routing for assigned IPv4 pool of UE
- - dnn: internet # Data Network Name
- cidr: 10.61.0.0/16 # Classless Inter-Domain Routing for assigned IPv4 pool of UE
+ cidr: 10.45.0.0/16 # Classless Inter-Domain Routing for assigned IPv4 pool of UE
# natifname: eth0
logger: # log output settingPacketRusher/config/config.yml
--- config.yml.orig 2024-08-31 21:55:09.517160735 +0900
+++ config.yml 2024-06-09 22:02:26.306291660 +0900
@@ -1,32 +1,32 @@
gnodeb:
controlif:
- ip: "192.168.11.13"
+ ip: "192.168.0.131"
port: 9487
dataif:
- ip: "192.168.11.13"
+ ip: "192.168.13.131"
port: 2152
plmnlist:
- mcc: "999"
- mnc: "70"
+ mcc: "001"
+ mnc: "01"
tac: "000001"
gnbid: "000008"
slicesupportlist:
sst: "01"
- sd: "000001" # optional, can be removed if not used
+ sd: "010203" # optional, can be removed if not used
ue:
- msin: "0000000120"
- key: "00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF"
- opc: "00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF"
+ msin: "0000001000"
+ key: "465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC"
+ opc: "E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA"
amf: "8000"
sqn: "00000000"
dnn: "internet"
routingindicator: "0000"
hplmn:
- mcc: "999"
- mnc: "70"
+ mcc: "001"
+ mnc: "01"
snssai:
sst: 01
- sd: "000001" # optional, can be removed if not used
+ sd: "010203" # optional, can be removed if not used
integrity:
nia0: false
nia1: false
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
nea2: true
nea3: false
amfif:
- - ip: "192.168.11.30"
+ - ip: "192.168.0.111"
port: 38412
logs:
level: 4First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, down the default interface enp0s3 of the VM-UP and set the VM-DN IP address to default GW on the N6 interfaceenp0s16.
# ip link set dev enp0s3 down
# ip route add default via 192.168.16.152 dev enp0s16
Then, configure the TUNnel interface.
# ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
# ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
# ip link set ogstun up
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, down the default interface enp0s3 of the VM-UP and set the VM-DN IP address to default GW on the N6 interfaceenp0s16.
# ip link set dev enp0s3 down
# ip route add default via 192.168.16.152 dev enp0s16
Then, configure the TAP interface.
# ip tuntap add name ogstap mode tap
# ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstap
# ip link set ogstap up
See this.
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, down the default interface enp0s3 of the VM-UP and set the VM-DN IP address to default GW on the N6 interfaceenp0s16.
# ip link set dev enp0s3 down
# ip route add default via 192.168.16.152 dev enp0s16
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, down the default interface enp0s3 of the VM-UP and set the VM-DN IP address to default GW on the N6 interfaceenp0s16.
# ip link set dev enp0s3 down
# ip route add default via 192.168.16.152 dev enp0s16
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, down the default interface enp0s3 of the VM-UP and set the VM-DN IP address to default GW on the N6 interfaceenp0s16.
# ip link set dev enp0s3 down
# ip route add default via 192.168.16.152 dev enp0s16
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, configure NAPT and routing to N6 IP address of UPF.
# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.45.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE
# ip route add 10.45.0.0/16 via 192.168.16.151 dev enp0s9
Please refer to the following for building Open5GS, free5GC, UPFs and PacketRusher respectively.
- Open5GS v2.7.2 (2024.09.04) - https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/
- free5GC v3.4.3 (2024.09.12) - https://free5gc.org/guide/
- UPG-VPP v1.13.0 (2024.03.25) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_vpp_upf_dpdk#annex_1
- eUPF v0.6.4 (2024.05.01) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_eupf
- OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 (2024.08.16) - https://github.com/s5uishida/install_osmoupf
- free5GC UPF (go-upf) v1.2.3 (2024.05.11) - https://free5gc.org/guide/
- PacketRusher 20240521 (2024.06.24) - https://github.com/HewlettPackard/PacketRusher/wiki
Install MongoDB on Open5GS and free5GC C-Plane machines. MongoDB Compass is a convenient tool to look at the MongoDB database.
First run each UPF, then each 5GC. Each UPF uses the same IP address, so start only the UPF you want to measure.
Please use the configuration files changed for TUN interface.
# cd open5gs
# ./install/bin/open5gs-upfd
Please use the configuration files changed for TAP interface.
# cd open5gs
# ./install/bin/open5gs-upfd
See this.
See this.
See this.
# cd free5gc
# ./bin/upf
./install/bin/open5gs-nrfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-scpd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-amfd &
sleep 2
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-ausfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udmd &
./install/bin/open5gs-udrd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-nssfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-bsfd &
Create the following shell script and run it.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
PID_LIST=()
NF_LIST="nrf amf smf udr pcf udm nssf ausf chf"
export GIN_MODE=release
for NF in ${NF_LIST}; do
./bin/${NF} &
PID_LIST+=($!)
sleep 1
done
function terminate()
{
sudo kill -SIGTERM ${PID_LIST[${#PID_LIST[@]}-2]} ${PID_LIST[${#PID_LIST[@]}-1]}
sleep 2
}
trap terminate SIGINT
wait ${PID_LIST}This time, I will measure only one connection by one UE. First, run PacketRusher to establish a connection that will be used to measure performance. Then, start the iperf3 server on the Data Network Gateway.
In gtp5g v0.8.7 and later, GTP-U Sequence Number is enabled by default. In this case, eUPF will probably not be able to process GTP-U packets correctly. Therefore, if connecting to eUPF, please disable GTP-U Sequence Number of gtp5g used by PacketRusher as follows.
# echo 0 > /proc/gtp5g/seq
Also, UPF performance measurements using iperf3 tended to be better when GTP-U Sequence Number was disabled. (e.g. UPG-VPP)
This measurement will be performed with the GTP-U Sequence Number disabled.
Establish a connection for one UE.
# cd PacketRusher
# ./packetrusher ue
INFO[0000] Selecting 192.168.0.111 for host 192.168.0.111 as AMF's IP address
INFO[0000] Selecting 192.168.13.131 for host 192.168.13.131 as gNodeB's N3/Data IP address
INFO[0000] Selecting 192.168.0.131 for host 192.168.0.131 as gNodeB's N2/Control IP address
INFO[0000] Loaded config at: /root/PacketRusher/config/config.yml
INFO[0000] PacketRusher version 1.0.1
INFO[0000] ---------------------------------------
INFO[0000] [TESTER] Starting test function: Testing an ue attached with configuration
INFO[0000] [TESTER][UE] Number of UEs: 1
INFO[0000] [TESTER][UE] disableTunnel is false
INFO[0000] [TESTER][GNB] Control interface IP/Port: 192.168.0.131/9487~
INFO[0000] [TESTER][GNB] Data interface IP/Port: 192.168.13.131/2152
INFO[0000] [TESTER][AMF] AMF IP/Port: 192.168.0.111/38412
INFO[0000] ---------------------------------------
INFO[0000] [GNB] SCTP/NGAP service is running
INFO[0000] [GNB] Initiating NG Setup Request
INFO[0000] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 0 stream
INFO[0000] [GNB][NGAP] Receive NG Setup Response
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] AMF Name: open5gs-amf0
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] State of AMF: Active
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] Capacity of AMF: 255
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] PLMNs Identities Supported by AMF -- mcc: 001 mnc:01
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] List of AMF slices Supported by AMF -- sst:01 sd:000001
INFO[0000] [GNB][AMF] List of AMF slices Supported by AMF -- sst:01 sd:010203
INFO[0001] [TESTER] TESTING REGISTRATION USING IMSI 0000001000 UE
INFO[0001] [GNB] Received incoming connection from new UE
INFO[0001] [UE] Initiating Registration
INFO[0001] [UE] Switched from state 0 to state 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 1 stream
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] Receive Downlink NAS Transport
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message without security header
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receive Authentication Request
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS][MAC] Authenticity of the authentication request message: OK
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS][SQN] SQN of the authentication request message: VALID
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Send authentication response
INFO[0001] [UE] Switched from state 1 to state 2
INFO[0001] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 1 stream
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] Receive Downlink NAS Transport
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with security header
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with integrity and with NEW 5G NAS SECURITY CONTEXT
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS MAC verification
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receive Security Mode Command
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Type of ciphering algorithm is 5G-EA0
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Type of integrity protection algorithm is 128-5G-IA2
INFO[0001] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 1 stream
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] Receive Initial Context Setup Request
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] UE Context was created with successful
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] UE RAN ID 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] UE AMF ID 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] UE Mobility Restrict --Plmn-- Mcc: not informed Mnc: not informed
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] UE Masked Imeisv: 1110000000ffff00
INFO[0001] [GNB][UE] Allowed Nssai-- Sst: [01] Sd: [010203]
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][AMF] Send Initial Context Setup Response.
INFO[0001] [GNB] Initiating Initial Context Setup Response
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] No PDU Session to set up in InitialContextSetupResponse.
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with security header
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with integrity and ciphered
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS CIPHERING
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS MAC verification
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receive Registration Accept
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] UE 5G GUTI: &{119 11 [242 0 241 16 2 0 64 192 0 0 84]}
INFO[0001] [UE] Switched from state 2 to state 3
INFO[0001] [UE] Initiating New PDU Session
INFO[0001] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 1 stream
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] Receive Downlink NAS Transport
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with security header
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with integrity and ciphered
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS CIPHERING
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS MAC verification
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receive Configuration Update Command
INFO[0001] [UE] Initiating Configuration Update Complete
INFO[0001] [GNB][SCTP] Receive message in 1 stream
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP] Receive PDU Session Resource Setup Request
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] PDU Session was created with successful.
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] PDU Session Id: 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] NSSAI Selected --- sst: NSSAI was not selected sd: NSSAI was not selected
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] PDU Session Type: ipv4
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] QOS Flow Identifier: 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] Uplink Teid: 58430
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] Downlink Teid: 1
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] Non-Dynamic-5QI: 9
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] Priority Level ARP: 8
INFO[0001] [GNB][NGAP][UE] UPF Address: 192.168.13.151 :2152
INFO[0001] [GNB] Initiating PDU Session Resource Setup Response
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with security header
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Message with integrity and ciphered
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS CIPHERING
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] successful NAS MAC verification
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receive DL NAS Transport
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] Receiving PDU Session Establishment Accept
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] PDU session QoS RULES: [1 0 6 49 49 1 1 255 1]
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] PDU session DNN: internet
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] PDU session NSSAI -- sst: 1 sd: 123
INFO[0001] [UE][NAS] PDU address received: 10.45.0.2
INFO[0002] [UE][GTP] Interface val0000001000 has successfully been configured for UE 10.45.0.2
INFO[0002] [UE][GTP] You can do traffic for this UE using VRF vrf0000001000, eg:
INFO[0002] [UE][GTP] sudo ip vrf exec vrf0000001000 iperf3 -c IPERF_SERVER -p PORT -t 9000
To avoid writing ip vrf exec vrf0000001000 command everytime you want to run a command in the context of the UE/VRF, run the command as follows.
# ip vrf exec vrf0000001000 bash
Then all the commands in the new shell will use the tunnel.
# iperf3 -s
Try ping and iperf3 client to the address(192.168.16.152) of N6 interface on Data Network Gateway.
e.g.) The UPF used in the measurement below is UPG-VPP v1.13.0.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.372 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.499 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.572 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.510 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.464 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.495 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.368 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.372 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.381 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=0.331 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9266ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.331/0.436/0.572/0.076 ms
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 59634 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 112 MBytes 937 Mbits/sec 238 310 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 98.2 MBytes 824 Mbits/sec 49 247 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 106 MBytes 893 Mbits/sec 50 302 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 102 MBytes 858 Mbits/sec 59 352 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 112 MBytes 944 Mbits/sec 55 295 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 110 MBytes 926 Mbits/sec 60 295 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 114 MBytes 961 Mbits/sec 91 250 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 61 236 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 117 MBytes 978 Mbits/sec 35 316 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 114 MBytes 957 Mbits/sec 62 306 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.07 GBytes 920 Mbits/sec 760 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.08 sec 1.07 GBytes 911 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
These measurements are the values measured between the IP address 10.45.0.0/16 assigned by PacketRusher on VM2 and the IP address 192.168.16.152 of the Data Network Gateway N6 interface on VM-DN.
Connected to Open5GS C-Plane
| # | UPF | Date | 1) TCP throughput |
2) UDP throughput |
2) UDP packet loss |
3) RTT (msec) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a-1 | Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 (TUN) | 2024.09.04 | S:250 Mbps R:248 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:357 Mbps |
29% | 1.619 |
| a-2 | Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 (TAP) | 2024.09.04 | S:238 Mbps R:237 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:356 Mbps |
30% | 1.609 |
| b | UPG-VPP v1.13.0 | 2024.03.25 | S:920 Mbps R:911 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:412 Mbps |
17% | 0.436 |
| c | 4) eUPF v0.6.4 | 2024.05.01 | S:277 Mbps R:274 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:394 Mbps |
21% | 1.387 |
| d | OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 | 2024.08.16 | S:177 Mbps R:176 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:316 Mbps |
37% | 1.363 |
a-1. Ping and iPerf3 logs for Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 (TUN)
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 57784 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 25.2 MBytes 211 Mbits/sec 28 106 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 31.1 MBytes 261 Mbits/sec 38 109 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 29.8 MBytes 249 Mbits/sec 34 124 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 31.5 MBytes 264 Mbits/sec 38 96.5 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 30.0 MBytes 252 Mbits/sec 40 81.4 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 29.0 MBytes 243 Mbits/sec 20 103 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 29.6 MBytes 248 Mbits/sec 32 81.4 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 31.1 MBytes 261 Mbits/sec 29 99.3 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 29.2 MBytes 245 Mbits/sec 24 114 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 30.6 MBytes 257 Mbits/sec 30 96.5 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 298 MBytes 250 Mbits/sec 313 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.07 sec 298 MBytes 248 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 45094 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44238
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44265
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44268
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44258
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44259
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44264
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44268
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44261
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44258
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44287
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442626 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.85 sec 420 MBytes 357 Mbits/sec 0.003 ms 129502/441186 (29%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.86 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.88 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.83 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.84 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.88 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.655 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=1.84 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=1.82 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.718 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=1.87 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9167ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.655/1.619/1.880/0.466 ms
a-2. Ping and iPerf3 logs for Open5GS UPF v2.7.2 (TAP)
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 38874 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 28.6 MBytes 240 Mbits/sec 40 82.7 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 28.9 MBytes 242 Mbits/sec 27 85.5 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 26.5 MBytes 222 Mbits/sec 40 91.0 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 29.2 MBytes 245 Mbits/sec 31 82.7 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 26.9 MBytes 225 Mbits/sec 31 88.2 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 29.9 MBytes 251 Mbits/sec 29 97.9 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 29.0 MBytes 243 Mbits/sec 37 96.5 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 28.9 MBytes 242 Mbits/sec 36 109 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 28.8 MBytes 241 Mbits/sec 32 110 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 26.6 MBytes 223 Mbits/sec 39 89.6 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 283 MBytes 238 Mbits/sec 342 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 283 MBytes 237 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 52850 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44250
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44251
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44244
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.7 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44298
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44244
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44291
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44266
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44235
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44278
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44240
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442597 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.89 sec 420 MBytes 356 Mbits/sec 0.039 ms 130873/442536 (30%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.59 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.62 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.62 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.58 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.70 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=1.81 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=1.55 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=1.50 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=1.64 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=1.47 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9144ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.473/1.609/1.812/0.091 ms
b. Ping and iPerf3 logs for UPG-VPP v1.13.0
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 59634 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 112 MBytes 937 Mbits/sec 238 310 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 98.2 MBytes 824 Mbits/sec 49 247 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 106 MBytes 893 Mbits/sec 50 302 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 102 MBytes 858 Mbits/sec 59 352 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 112 MBytes 944 Mbits/sec 55 295 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 110 MBytes 926 Mbits/sec 60 295 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 114 MBytes 961 Mbits/sec 91 250 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 110 MBytes 923 Mbits/sec 61 236 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 117 MBytes 978 Mbits/sec 35 316 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 114 MBytes 957 Mbits/sec 62 306 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.07 GBytes 920 Mbits/sec 760 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.08 sec 1.07 GBytes 911 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 47645 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44230
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44264
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44258
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44272
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44262
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44265
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44259
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44296
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44232
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44264
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442602 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.03 sec 493 MBytes 412 Mbits/sec 0.001 ms 76260/442602 (17%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.372 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.499 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.572 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.510 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.464 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.495 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.368 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.372 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.381 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=0.331 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9266ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.331/0.436/0.572/0.076 ms
c. Ping and iPerf3 logs for eUPF v0.6.4
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 55668 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 33.9 MBytes 284 Mbits/sec 0 1.58 MBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 35.4 MBytes 297 Mbits/sec 208 673 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 32.6 MBytes 274 Mbits/sec 163 365 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 32.5 MBytes 273 Mbits/sec 0 426 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 30.8 MBytes 258 Mbits/sec 0 478 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 31.5 MBytes 264 Mbits/sec 11 386 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 32.1 MBytes 269 Mbits/sec 0 444 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 33.2 MBytes 279 Mbits/sec 0 498 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 34.2 MBytes 287 Mbits/sec 50 407 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 34.0 MBytes 285 Mbits/sec 37 352 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 330 MBytes 277 Mbits/sec 469 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.01 sec 327 MBytes 274 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 45050 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44240
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.5 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44218
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.7 MBytes 501 Mbits/sec 44297
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44270
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44297
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.5 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44206
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44294
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44269
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44249
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44282
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442622 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.98 sec 469 MBytes 394 Mbits/sec 0.024 ms 94636/442621 (21%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.46 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.41 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.39 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.27 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.36 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=1.36 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=1.45 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=1.34 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=1.41 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9048ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.272/1.387/1.458/0.052 ms
d. Ping and iPerf3 logs for OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 52728 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 23.5 MBytes 197 Mbits/sec 12 354 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 18.5 MBytes 155 Mbits/sec 65 284 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 20.4 MBytes 171 Mbits/sec 0 332 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 21.8 MBytes 182 Mbits/sec 2 268 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 20.4 MBytes 171 Mbits/sec 5 230 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 21.5 MBytes 180 Mbits/sec 0 295 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 20.8 MBytes 174 Mbits/sec 0 342 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 20.8 MBytes 174 Mbits/sec 6 276 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 22.9 MBytes 192 Mbits/sec 0 332 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 20.6 MBytes 173 Mbits/sec 0 375 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 211 MBytes 177 Mbits/sec 90 sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.96 sec 209 MBytes 176 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.2 port 46738 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 57.9 MBytes 485 Mbits/sec 42971
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 61.3 MBytes 514 Mbits/sec 45524
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 50.5 MBytes 423 Mbits/sec 37477
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 68.8 MBytes 577 Mbits/sec 51062
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.5 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44205
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.7 MBytes 501 Mbits/sec 44306
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.4 MBytes 498 Mbits/sec 44096
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.0 MBytes 495 Mbits/sec 43791
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 60.5 MBytes 507 Mbits/sec 44916
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44272
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442620 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.94 sec 375 MBytes 316 Mbits/sec 0.418 ms 164005/442191 (37%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.26 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.44 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.44 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.57 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.47 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=1.28 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=1.16 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=1.37 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=1.35 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9191ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.157/1.363/1.565/0.111 ms
Connected to free5GC C-Plane
| # | UPF | Date | 1) TCP throughput |
2) UDP throughput |
2) UDP packet loss |
3) RTT (msec) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | UPG-VPP v1.13.0 | 2024.03.25 | S:895 Mbps R:888 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:437 Mbps |
12% | 0.510 |
| c | 4) eUPF v0.6.4 | 2024.05.01 | S:256 Mbps R:251 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:374 Mbps |
24% | 1.376 |
| d | OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109 | 2024.08.16 | S:190 Mbps R:186 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:333 Mbps |
33% | 1.293 |
| e | free5GC UPF v1.2.3 | 2024.05.11 | S:271 Mbps R:266 Mbps |
S:500 Mbps R:275 Mbps |
46% | 1.353 |
b. Ping and iPerf3 logs for UPG-VPP v1.13.0
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 59540 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 99.0 MBytes 830 Mbits/sec 167 296 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 105 MBytes 880 Mbits/sec 48 256 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 101 MBytes 847 Mbits/sec 23 313 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 101 MBytes 850 Mbits/sec 38 283 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 104 MBytes 869 Mbits/sec 37 270 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 108 MBytes 903 Mbits/sec 34 266 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 110 MBytes 919 Mbits/sec 68 309 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 115 MBytes 963 Mbits/sec 49 284 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 114 MBytes 956 Mbits/sec 55 248 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 111 MBytes 932 Mbits/sec 40 234 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 1.04 GBytes 895 Mbits/sec 559 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.04 sec 1.04 GBytes 888 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 58634 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44230
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44259
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.7 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44311
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.5 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44218
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44275
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44268
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44249
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44271
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44273
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44255
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442609 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.07 sec 525 MBytes 437 Mbits/sec 0.006 ms 52722/442609 (12%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.378 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.566 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.515 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.564 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=0.529 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=0.547 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=0.560 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=0.461 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=0.535 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=0.447 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9327ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.378/0.510/0.566/0.058 ms
c. Ping and iPerf3 logs for eUPF v0.6.4
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 46396 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 31.5 MBytes 263 Mbits/sec 0 1.43 MBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 32.2 MBytes 271 Mbits/sec 82 1.34 MBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 31.9 MBytes 267 Mbits/sec 6 1.02 MBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 29.5 MBytes 248 Mbits/sec 104 791 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 30.8 MBytes 258 Mbits/sec 0 837 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 28.8 MBytes 241 Mbits/sec 1 633 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 29.6 MBytes 249 Mbits/sec 0 670 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 30.0 MBytes 252 Mbits/sec 5 512 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 30.6 MBytes 257 Mbits/sec 0 553 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 29.9 MBytes 250 Mbits/sec 123 429 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 305 MBytes 256 Mbits/sec 321 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.06 sec 302 MBytes 251 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 56431 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44242
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44259
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44279
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44262
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 499 Mbits/sec 44249
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.7 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44304
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 501 Mbits/sec 44223
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44259
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44272
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44248
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442597 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.11 sec 450 MBytes 374 Mbits/sec 0.054 ms 108091/442577 (24%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.40 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.41 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.38 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.44 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.43 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.39 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=1.15 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=1.40 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=1.34 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9154ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.150/1.376/1.439/0.080 ms
d. Ping and iPerf3 logs for OsmoUPF v0.1.1.109
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 49088 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 28.4 MBytes 238 Mbits/sec 131 301 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 21.4 MBytes 179 Mbits/sec 0 350 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 22.4 MBytes 188 Mbits/sec 48 301 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 23.1 MBytes 194 Mbits/sec 20 265 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 23.5 MBytes 197 Mbits/sec 5 241 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 22.8 MBytes 191 Mbits/sec 0 302 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 21.2 MBytes 178 Mbits/sec 26 261 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 21.9 MBytes 184 Mbits/sec 0 317 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 22.8 MBytes 191 Mbits/sec 0 368 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 18.4 MBytes 154 Mbits/sec 0 405 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 227 MBytes 190 Mbits/sec 230 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.13 sec 224 MBytes 186 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 60275 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 58.3 MBytes 489 Mbits/sec 43268
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 58.6 MBytes 492 Mbits/sec 43553
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 61.7 MBytes 518 Mbits/sec 45843
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 54.2 MBytes 454 Mbits/sec 40242
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 64.8 MBytes 544 Mbits/sec 48380
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44260
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44273
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44272
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44263
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44257
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442611 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.09 sec 401 MBytes 333 Mbits/sec 0.080 ms 144590/442219 (33%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.25 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.33 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.32 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.14 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.48 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=1.39 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=1.15 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=1.30 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=1.35 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=1.24 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9135ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.142/1.293/1.480/0.097 ms
e. Ping and iPerf3 logs for free5GC UPF v1.2.3
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 37806 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 34.1 MBytes 286 Mbits/sec 49 316 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 30.1 MBytes 253 Mbits/sec 3 266 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 32.2 MBytes 271 Mbits/sec 24 241 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 32.5 MBytes 273 Mbits/sec 0 327 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 36.6 MBytes 307 Mbits/sec 10 319 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 30.0 MBytes 252 Mbits/sec 12 285 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 32.4 MBytes 272 Mbits/sec 14 281 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 30.8 MBytes 258 Mbits/sec 0 353 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 33.0 MBytes 277 Mbits/sec 18 324 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 31.8 MBytes 266 Mbits/sec 4 281 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 324 MBytes 271 Mbits/sec 134 sender
[ 5] 0.00-10.14 sec 322 MBytes 266 Mbits/sec receiver
iperf Done.
# iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
Connecting to host 192.168.16.152, port 5201
[ 5] local 10.45.0.1 port 52127 connected to 192.168.16.152 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 58.3 MBytes 489 Mbits/sec 43309
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 60.8 MBytes 510 Mbits/sec 45186
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 58.7 MBytes 492 Mbits/sec 43598
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 60.5 MBytes 508 Mbits/sec 44926
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44272
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44289
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44230
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 59.6 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 44266
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 53.1 MBytes 445 Mbits/sec 39433
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 66.1 MBytes 554 Mbits/sec 49090
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams
[ 5] 0.00-10.00 sec 596 MBytes 500 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/442599 (0%) sender
[ 5] 0.00-9.89 sec 324 MBytes 275 Mbits/sec 0.081 ms 201576/442403 (46%) receiver
iperf Done.
# ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10
PING 192.168.16.152 (192.168.16.152) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.43 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=1.20 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=1.15 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=1.46 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=1.34 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=6 ttl=63 time=1.43 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=7 ttl=63 time=1.40 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=8 ttl=63 time=1.46 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=9 ttl=63 time=1.26 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.16.152: icmp_seq=10 ttl=63 time=1.41 ms
--- 192.168.16.152 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9180ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.150/1.353/1.462/0.107 ms
iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152iperf3 -c 192.168.16.152 -u -b 500M
UDP packet loss is a value measured under deliberate load (500 Mbps) in order to compare performance limits.ping 192.168.16.152 -c 10- These are the measured values when
xdp_attach_modeis set togenericdue to Virtualbox VM. Note thatgenericmode is implemented at the kernel level, so it does not contribute to performance improvement. If it is set tonative(Driver-level implementation) oroffload(NIC-level implementation), it may be expected to more improved performance. For reference, a list of drivers that support XDP can be found here.
These measurement results show that UPG-VPP has relatively outstanding performance even on Virtualbox VM.
It is very simple mesurement and may not be very meaningful when measuring between Virtualbox VMs, but it may be a little helpful when comparing the relative performance of UPF. I would appreciate it if you could use this as a reference as a configuration example when measuring with real devices.
I would like to thank all the excellent developers and contributors who created PacketRusher and other great systems and tools.
- [2024.09.23] Initial release.