chore(backport): Update pre-commit hooks

[matthewfeickert]

Description

• Backport components of:
  • chore: [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate #2227
  • chore: target-version no longer needed by Black or Ruff #2239
  • chore: [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate #2240
  • chore: [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate #2264
  • chore: Use 2x faster black mirror #2270

Checklist Before Requesting Reviewer

• Tests are passing
• "WIP" removed from the title of the pull request
• Selected an Assignee for the PR to be responsible for the log summary

Before Merging

For the PR Assignees:

• Summarize commit messages into a comprehensive review of the PR

* Backport components of:
   - https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2227
   - https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2239
   - https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2240
   - https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2264
   - https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2270