feat: add sha extend precompile.

[dreamATD]

Description

Sha extend circuit

This PR adds sha extend precompile, computing the parameter w[0..64] defined as follows:

// w[0..16] are copied from the input
for i in 16..64 {
    let s0 = w[i - 15].rotate_right(7) ^ w[i - 15].rotate_right(18) ^ (w[i - 15] >> 3);
    let s1 = w[i - 2].rotate_right(17) ^ w[i - 2].rotate_right(19) ^ (w[i - 2] >> 10);
    w[i] = w[i - 16]
        .wrapping_add(s0)
        .wrapping_add(w[i - 7])
        .wrapping_add(s1);
}

The sha extend circuit represents a single round computation in sha extend. It fetches the instruction at the same pc as the first cycle, reads the same register, and defines the global state with increasing cycles. I each instance, it reads w[i - 2], w[i - 7], w[i - 15], w[i - 16] from the memory and computes w[i] and writes it back.

Changes in ceno_patch

The function is replaced from syscall_sha256_extend(w_i: &mut [u32; 64]); to syscall_sha256_extend(w_i: &mut u32):

/// Executes one SHA256 extend round in place.
#[allow(unused_variables)]
pub fn syscall_sha256_extend(w_i: &mut u32) {
    #[cfg(target_os = "zkvm")]
    {
        let w_i = w_i as *mut u32;
        unsafe {
            asm!(
            "ecall",
            in("t0") SHA_EXTEND,
            in("a0") w_i,
            );
        }
    }

    #[cfg(not(target_os = "zkvm"))]
    unreachable!()
}

And the functionality in ceno_emul is changed accordingly.

Tiny change of SelectTypeLayout

The original definition is as follows:

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct SelectorTypeLayout<E: ExtensionField> {
    pub sel_mem_read: SelectorType<E>,
    pub sel_mem_write: SelectorType<E>,
    pub sel_lookup: SelectorType<E>,
    pub sel_zero: SelectorType<E>,
}

while they are sometimes duplicated and in sha extend circuit, it needs to set round_i = 16 in the first round and update pc during the last round. Therefore, the definition is changed as follows:

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct SelectorTypeLayout<E: ExtensionField> {
    pub sel_first: Option<SelectorType<E>>,
    pub sel_last: Option<SelectorType<E>>,
    pub sel_all: SelectorType<E>,
}

[hero78119]

First quick pass and LGTM!

Just one add-on: as this PR introduce OrderSparse change, we also need to modify recursion verifier, and I will submit another PR for it 👍