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VMConfig.md

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Module 0x1::VMConfig

VMConfig keep track of VM related configuration, like gas schedule.

use 0x1::ChainId;
use 0x1::Config;
use 0x1::CoreAddresses;

Struct VMConfig

The struct to hold all config data needed to operate the VM.

  • gas_schedule: Cost of running the VM.
struct VMConfig has copy, drop, store
Fields
gas_schedule: VMConfig::GasSchedule

Struct GasSchedule

The gas schedule keeps two separate schedules for the gas:

  • The instruction_schedule: This holds the gas for each bytecode instruction.
  • The native_schedule: This holds the gas for used (per-byte operated over) for each native function. A couple notes:
  1. In the case that an instruction is deleted from the bytecode, that part of the cost schedule still needs to remain the same; once a slot in the table is taken by an instruction, that is its slot for the rest of time (since that instruction could already exist in a module on-chain).
  2. The initialization of the module will publish the instruction table to the genesis address, and will preload the vector with the gas schedule for instructions. The VM will then load this into memory at the startup of each block.
struct GasSchedule has copy, drop, store
Fields
instruction_schedule: vector<u8>
native_schedule: vector<u8>
gas_constants: VMConfig::GasConstants

Struct GasConstants

The gas constants contains all kind of constants used in gas calculation.

struct GasConstants has copy, drop, store
Fields
global_memory_per_byte_cost: u64
The cost per-byte written to global storage.
global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: u64
The cost per-byte written to storage.
min_transaction_gas_units: u64
We charge one unit of gas per-byte for the first 600 bytes
large_transaction_cutoff: u64
Any transaction over this size will be charged INTRINSIC_GAS_PER_BYTE per byte
instrinsic_gas_per_byte: u64
The units of gas that should be charged per byte for every transaction.
maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64
1 nanosecond should equal one unit of computational gas. We bound the maximum computational time of any given transaction at 10 milliseconds. We want this number and MAX_PRICE_PER_GAS_UNIT to always satisfy the inequality that MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_GAS_UNITS * MAX_PRICE_PER_GAS_UNIT < min(u64::MAX, GasUnits::MAX)
min_price_per_gas_unit: u64
The minimum gas price that a transaction can be submitted with.
max_price_per_gas_unit: u64
The maximum gas unit price that a transaction can be submitted with.
max_transaction_size_in_bytes: u64
The max transaction size in bytes that a transaction can have.
gas_unit_scaling_factor: u64
gas unit scaling factor.
default_account_size: u64
default account size.

Struct GasCost

The GasCost tracks:

  • instruction cost: how much time/computational power is needed to perform the instruction
  • memory cost: how much memory is required for the instruction, and storage overhead
struct GasCost has copy, drop, store
Fields
instruction_gas: u64
memory_gas: u64

Function instruction_schedule

public fun instruction_schedule(): vector<VMConfig::GasCost>
Implementation 
public fun instruction_schedule(): vector<GasCost> {
    let table = Vector::empty();

    // POP
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // RET
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(638, 1));
    // BR_TRUE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // BR_FALSE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // BRANCH
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_U64
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_CONST
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_TRUE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_FALSE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // COPY_LOC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MOVE_LOC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // ST_LOC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MUT_BORROW_LOC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // IMM_BORROW_LOC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MUT_BORROW_FIELD
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // IMM_BORROW_FIELD
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // CALL
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1132, 1));
    // PACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // UNPACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // READ_REF
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // WRITE_REF
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // ADD
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // SUB
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MUL
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MOD
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // DIV
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(3, 1));
    // BIT_OR
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // BIT_AND
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // XOR
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // OR
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // AND
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // NOT
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // EQ
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // NEQ
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LT
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // GT
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // GE
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // ABORT
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // NOP
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // EXISTS
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(41, 1));
    // MUT_BORROW_GLOBAL
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(21, 1));
    // IML_BORROW_GLOBAL
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(23, 1));
    // MOVE_FROM
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(459, 1));
    // MOVE_TO
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(13, 1));
    // FREEZE_REF
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // SHL
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // SHR
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_U8
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // LD_U128
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));

    // CAST_U8
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // CAST_U64
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // CAST_U128
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // MUT_BORORW_FIELD_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // IMM_BORORW_FIELD_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1, 1));
    // CALL_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(582, 1));
    // PACK_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // UNPACK_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    // EXISTS_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(34, 1));
    // MUT_BORROW_GLOBAL_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(15, 1));
    // IMM_BORROW_GLOBAL_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(14, 1));
    // MOVE_FROM_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(13, 1));
    // MOVE_TO_GENERIC
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(27, 1));

    // VEC_PACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(84, 1));
    // VEC_LEN
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(98, 1));
    // VEC_IMM_BORROW
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1334, 1));
    // VEC_MUT_BORROW
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1902, 1));
    // VEC_PUSH_BACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(53, 1));
    // VEC_POP_BACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(227, 1));
    // VEC_UNPACK
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(572, 1));
    // VEC_SWAP
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1436, 1));
    table
}

Function native_schedule

public fun native_schedule(): vector<VMConfig::GasCost>
Implementation 
public fun native_schedule(): vector<GasCost> {
    let table = Vector::empty();
    //Hash::sha2_256 0
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(21, 1));
    //Hash::sha3_256 1
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(64, 1));
    //Signature::ed25519_verify 2
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(61, 1));
    //ED25519_THRESHOLD_VERIFY 3 this native funciton is deprecated
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(3351, 1));
    //BSC::to_bytes 4
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(181, 1));
    //Vector::length 5
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(98, 1));
    //Vector::empty 6
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(84, 1));
    //Vector::borrow 7
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1334, 1));
    //Vector::borrow_mut 8
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1902, 1));
    //Vector::push_back 9
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(53, 1));
    //Vector::pop_back 10
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(227, 1));
    //Vector::destory_empty 11
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(572, 1));
    //Vector::swap 12
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(1436, 1));
    //Signature::ed25519_validate_pubkey 13
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(26, 1));
    //Signer::borrow_address 14
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(353, 1));
    //Account::creator_signer 15
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(24, 1));
    //Account::destroy_signer 16
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(212, 1));
    //Event::emit_event 17
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(52, 1));
    //BCS::to_address 18
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(26, 1));
    //Token::name_of 19
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2002, 1));
    //Hash::keccak_256 20
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(64, 1));
    //Hash::ripemd160 21
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(64, 1));
    //Signature::native_ecrecover 22
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(128, 1));
    //U256::from_bytes 23
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(2, 1));
    //U256::add 24
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    //U256::sub 25
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    //U256::mul 26
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    //U256::div 27
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(10, 1));
    // U256::rem 28
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // U256::pow 29
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(8, 1));
    // TODO: settle down the gas cost
    // Vector::append 30
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(40, 1));
    // Vector::remove 31
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(20, 1));
    // Vector::reverse 32
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(10, 1));

    // Table::new_table_handle 33
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // Table::add_box 34
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // Table::borrow_box 35
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(10, 1));
    // Table::remove_box 36
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(8, 1));
    // Table::contains_box 37
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(40, 1));
    // Table::destroy_empty_box 38
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(20, 1));
    // Table::drop_unchecked_box 39
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(73, 1));
    // string.check_utf8 40
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // string.sub_str 41
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // string.is_char_boundary 42
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // Table::string.index_of 43
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // FromBCS::from_bytes 44
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // Secp256k1::ecdsa_recover_internal 45
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));
    // Vector::spawn_from 46
    Vector::push_back(&mut table, new_gas_cost(4, 1));

    table
}

Function gas_constants

public fun gas_constants(): VMConfig::GasConstants
Implementation 
public fun gas_constants(): GasConstants {
    let min_price_per_gas_unit: u64 = if (ChainId::is_test()) { 0 }  else { 1 };
    let maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64 = 40000000;//must less than base_block_gas_limit

    if (ChainId::is_test() || ChainId::is_dev() || ChainId::is_halley()) {
        maximum_number_of_gas_units = maximum_number_of_gas_units * 10
    };
    GasConstants {
        global_memory_per_byte_cost: 4,
        global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: 9,
        min_transaction_gas_units: 600,
        large_transaction_cutoff: 600,
        instrinsic_gas_per_byte: 8,
        maximum_number_of_gas_units,
        min_price_per_gas_unit,
        max_price_per_gas_unit: 10000,
        max_transaction_size_in_bytes: 1024 * 128,
        gas_unit_scaling_factor: 1,
        default_account_size: 800,
    }
}

Function new_gas_cost

fun new_gas_cost(instr_gas: u64, mem_gas: u64): VMConfig::GasCost
Implementation 
fun new_gas_cost(instr_gas: u64, mem_gas: u64): GasCost {
    GasCost {
        instruction_gas: instr_gas,
        memory_gas: mem_gas,
    }
}

Function new_vm_config

Create a new vm config, mainly used in DAO.

public fun new_vm_config(instruction_schedule: vector<u8>, native_schedule: vector<u8>, global_memory_per_byte_cost: u64, global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: u64, min_transaction_gas_units: u64, large_transaction_cutoff: u64, instrinsic_gas_per_byte: u64, maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64, min_price_per_gas_unit: u64, max_price_per_gas_unit: u64, max_transaction_size_in_bytes: u64, gas_unit_scaling_factor: u64, default_account_size: u64): VMConfig::VMConfig
Implementation 
public fun new_vm_config(
    instruction_schedule: vector<u8>,
    native_schedule: vector<u8>,
    global_memory_per_byte_cost: u64,
    global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: u64,
    min_transaction_gas_units: u64,
    large_transaction_cutoff: u64,
    instrinsic_gas_per_byte: u64,
    maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64,
    min_price_per_gas_unit: u64,
    max_price_per_gas_unit: u64,
    max_transaction_size_in_bytes: u64,
    gas_unit_scaling_factor: u64,
    default_account_size: u64,
): VMConfig {
    let gas_constants = GasConstants {
        global_memory_per_byte_cost,
        global_memory_per_byte_write_cost,
        min_transaction_gas_units,
        large_transaction_cutoff,
        instrinsic_gas_per_byte,
        maximum_number_of_gas_units,
        min_price_per_gas_unit,
        max_price_per_gas_unit,
        max_transaction_size_in_bytes,
        gas_unit_scaling_factor,
        default_account_size,
    };
    VMConfig {
        gas_schedule: GasSchedule { instruction_schedule, native_schedule, gas_constants },
    }
}

Function initialize

Initialize the table under the genesis account

public fun initialize(account: &signer, instruction_schedule: vector<u8>, native_schedule: vector<u8>, global_memory_per_byte_cost: u64, global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: u64, min_transaction_gas_units: u64, large_transaction_cutoff: u64, instrinsic_gas_per_byte: u64, maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64, min_price_per_gas_unit: u64, max_price_per_gas_unit: u64, max_transaction_size_in_bytes: u64, gas_unit_scaling_factor: u64, default_account_size: u64)
Implementation 
public fun initialize(
    account: &signer,
    instruction_schedule: vector<u8>,
    native_schedule: vector<u8>,
    global_memory_per_byte_cost: u64,
    global_memory_per_byte_write_cost: u64,
    min_transaction_gas_units: u64,
    large_transaction_cutoff: u64,
    instrinsic_gas_per_byte: u64,
    maximum_number_of_gas_units: u64,
    min_price_per_gas_unit: u64,
    max_price_per_gas_unit: u64,
    max_transaction_size_in_bytes: u64,
    gas_unit_scaling_factor: u64,
    default_account_size: u64,
) {
    CoreAddresses::assert_genesis_address(account);
    Config::publish_new_config<VMConfig>(
        account,
        new_vm_config(
            instruction_schedule,
            native_schedule,
            global_memory_per_byte_cost,
            global_memory_per_byte_write_cost,
            min_transaction_gas_units,
            large_transaction_cutoff,
            instrinsic_gas_per_byte,
            maximum_number_of_gas_units,
            min_price_per_gas_unit,
            max_price_per_gas_unit,
            max_transaction_size_in_bytes,
            gas_unit_scaling_factor,
            default_account_size,
        ),
    );
}
Specification 
aborts_if Signer::address_of(account) != CoreAddresses::GENESIS_ADDRESS();
aborts_if exists<Config::Config<VMConfig>>(Signer::address_of(account));
aborts_if
    exists<Config::ModifyConfigCapabilityHolder<VMConfig>>(
        Signer::address_of(account),
    );
ensures exists<Config::Config<VMConfig>>(Signer::address_of(account));
ensures
    exists<Config::ModifyConfigCapabilityHolder<VMConfig>>(
        Signer::address_of(account),
    );

Module Specification

pragma verify = false;
pragma aborts_if_is_strict;