adding QEM schema directory

[ecarlander]

Description

Resolves issue #2586
Added directory mitiq/schema containing @ruheenirodi and I's current work developing QEM schema.

A lot of this work (all) is not finalized, so let us know if we should instead just start with an empty directory and only add work that is fully-developed.

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License

• I license this contribution under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 3 and grant Unitary Fund the right to provide additional permissions as described in section 7 of the GNU GPL, version 3.

Before opening the PR, please ensure you have completed the following where appropriate.

• I added unit tests for new code.
• I used type hints in function signatures.
• I used Google-style docstrings for functions.
• I updated the documentation where relevant.
• Added myself / the copyright holder to the AUTHORS file

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 98.73%. Comparing base (da77ec0) to head (c20156f).
Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2597   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.73%   98.73%           
=======================================
  Files          92       92           
  Lines        4174     4183    +9     
=======================================
+ Hits         4121     4130    +9     
  Misses         53       53           

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[natestemen]

Thanks for adding this here Ella! Good start. We'll need to pair this down quite a bit before merging it in. For the time being, lets just add the schemas, and the code to validate experiments for the techniques you've already completed. Then we can make sure to add tests, ensure the code is formatted correctly, etc. Baby steps help us build up confidence about new code!