Basics of Rust

1. Setting Up the Environment

   • Installing Rust using rustup.
   • Using cargo (Rust’s package manager) for creating and managing projects.
   • Basic commands: cargo new, cargo build, cargo run, cargo test.

2. Variables and Mutability

   • Declaring variables with let.
   • Understanding immutability by default (let x = 5).
   • Using mut for mutable variables (let mut x = 5).

3. Basic Data Types

   • Scalar types: i32, f64, bool, char.
   • Compound types: tuples and arrays.
   • String types: String and &str.

4. Functions

   • Defining functions (fn keyword).
   • Function parameters and return types.
   • Expressions vs. statements in functions.

5. Control Flow

   • Conditional statements: if, else, else if.
   • Loops: loop, while, and for.
   • Using break and continue in loops.

6. Ownership

   • Understanding the concept of ownership.
   • The stack vs. the heap.
   • Move semantics (values vs. references).
   • Memory safety without a garbage collector.

7. Borrowing and References

   • Immutable references (&T).
   • Mutable references (&mut T).
   • Rules of borrowing (one mutable or many immutable references).

8. Slices

   • Slicing arrays and strings with [start..end].
   • Understanding slice types (&[T], &str).

9. Enums and Pattern Matching

   • Defining enums.
   • Using match expressions to handle different enum variants.
   • Using if let for simple matches.

10. Structs

    • Defining and using structs.
    • Tuple structs and unit-like structs.
    • Implementing methods for structs using impl.

11. Error Handling

    • Using Result<T, E> and Option<T>.
    • Pattern matching on Result and Option.
    • Propagating errors using ?.

12. Traits

    • Defining traits (similar to interfaces in other languages).
    • Implementing traits for structs and enums.
    • Common traits: Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default.

13. Modules and Crates

    • Organizing code using modules (mod keyword).
    • Using external crates with Cargo.toml.

14. The Standard Library

    • Common collections: Vec, HashMap, Option, Result.
    • String handling and conversions.
    • File I/O basics (std::fs, std::io).