cache: better cache system (#4951) #12690

Job	Run time
build	7m 21s
build_ee_312	0s
build_ee	8m 49s
build_full	0s
build_slim	0s
build_ee_nsjail	2m 10s
run_integration_test	3m 16s
attach_amd64_binary_to_release	0s
build_ee_cuda	0s
build_ee_full	0s
build_ee_slim	0s
build_ee_reports_privately	1m 20s
publish_ecr_s3	1m 53s
tag_latest_ee	17s
tag_latest	22s
verify_ee_image_vulnerabilities	0s
	25m 28s

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