Policy-toolkit

This repository contains code and data for the Restoration Research & Monitoring team's initiative to automate the identification of financial incentives and disincentives across policy contexts.

Notebooks

The notebooks folder contains Jupyter and RMarkdown notebooks for setting up the environment, preprocessing data, and performing manual and automatic data labeling.

• 1-environment-setup: Set up jupyter environment (alternative to Docker)
• 2-extract-transfer-load: Extract text and disaggregate to paragraphs
• 3-data-labelling: Manual gold standard data creation
• 4-automatic-data-labeling: Automatic data labeling with data programming in Snorkel
• 5-roberta-classification: Embed paragraphs as features with roBERTa model
• 6-end-model: Train a noise-aware end model with snorkel metal label classifier output

Data

The data folder contains data at each stage of the pipeline, from raw to interim to processed. Raw data are simply PDFs of policy documents. The ETL pipeline results in two .csv files. The gold_standard.csv contains ~1,100 paragraphs labeled manually, and the noisy_labels.csv contains ~16,000 paragraphs (soon to be >30,000) labeled with Snorkel.

• gold_standard.csv: ID, country, policy, page, text, class
• noisy_labels.csv: ID, country, policy, page, text, (class distributions)
• snorkel_noisy_proba.csv: class distributions ([neutral, negative, positive]) to join to noisy_labels.csv. Shape is (nrow noisy_labels, 3).

Modeling ethos

This project uses data programming to algorithmically label training data based on a small, hand-made gold standard. Soft labels are assigned as probability distributions of label likelihood based on the weak algorithmic labels. These soft labels are used in a soft implementation of cross entropy.

Models are trained with algorithmically labeled samples and evaluated on the gold standard labels. The current pipeline is noisy labeling -> roBERTa encoding -> LSTM.

Future iterations will fine tune roBERTa, add additional feature engineering, and update the noisy labeling process.

Roadmap

Priorities for WRI team

• Second validation for gold standard
• Refine snorkel data programming
• Make the workflow from notebook to notebook more clear

Priorities for Columbia team

• Pilot implementation of BabbleLabble link
• Additional feature engineering including:
  • SpaCy dependency parsing
  • Named entity recognition
  • Topic modeling
  • Universal sentence encoder
  • Hidden markov model
  • DBPedia linking
• Data augmentation with synonym replacement link
• Model augmentation with slicing functions link
• Fine tune roBERTa on noisy labels
• Massive multi task learning with snorkel 0.9
• Named entity disambiguation from positive class paragraphs: (finance_type, finance_amount, funder, fundee)

References

• BERT
• RoBERTA
• Additional feature engineering improves BERT performance
• Snorkel
• Snorkel-metal
• retrieveR (github, paper)
• NLP for policy analysis
• Topic modeling for policy
• Policy analysis and restoration

Project Organization

├── LICENSE
├── Makefile           <- Makefile with commands like `make data` or `make train`
├── Dockerfile         <- Dockerfile to create environment
├── README.md          <- The top-level README for developers using this project.
├── data
│   ├── external       <- Data from third party sources.
│   ├── interim        <- Intermediate data that has been transformed.
│   ├── processed      <- The final, canonical data sets for modeling.
│   └── raw            <- The original, immutable data dump.
│
├── docs               <- A default Sphinx project; see sphinx-doc.org for details
│
├── models             <- Trained and serialized models, model predictions, or model summaries
│
├── notebooks          <- Jupyter notebooks. Naming convention is a number (for ordering),
│                         the creator's initials, and a short `-` delimited description, e.g.
│                         `1.0-jqp-initial-data-exploration`.
│
├── references         <- Data dictionaries, manuals, and all other explanatory materials.
│
├── reports            <- Generated analysis as HTML, PDF, LaTeX, etc.
│   └── figures        <- Generated graphics and figures to be used in reporting
│
├── requirements.txt   <- The requirements file for reproducing the analysis environment, e.g.
│                         generated with `pip freeze > requirements.txt`
│
├── setup.py           <- makes project pip installable (pip install -e .) so src can be imported
├── src                <- Source code for use in this project.
│   ├── __init__.py    <- Makes src a Python module
│   │
│   ├── data           <- Scripts to download or generate data
│   │   └── make_dataset.py
│   │
│   ├── features       <- Scripts to turn raw data into features for modeling
│   │   └── build_features.py
│   │
│   ├── models         <- Scripts to train models and then use trained models to make
│   │   │                 predictions
│   │   ├── predict_model.py
│   │   └── train_model.py
│   │
│   └── visualization  <- Scripts to create exploratory and results oriented visualizations
│       └── visualize.py
│
└── tox.ini            <- tox file with settings for running tox; see tox.testrun.org

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Project based on the cookiecutter data science project template. #cookiecutterdatascience