Merge pull request #825 from GangBean/main

[GangBean] Week 4

coin-change/GangBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Solution {
+    public int coinChange(int[] coins, int amount) {
+        /**
+        1. understanding
+        - given coins that can be used, find the minimum count of coins sum up to input amount value.
+        - [1,2,5]: 11
+            - 2 * 5 + 1 * 1: 3 -> use high value coin as much as possible if the remain can be sumed up by remain coins.
+        2. strategy
+        - If you search in greedy way, it will takes over O(min(amount/coin) ^ N), given N is the length of coins.
+        - Let dp[k] is the number of coins which are sum up to amount k, in a given coin set.
+        - Then, dp[k] = min(dp[k], dp[k-coin] + 1)
+        3. complexity
+        - time: O(CA), where C is the length of coins, A is amount value
+        - space: O(A), where A is amount value
+        */
+
+        int[] dp = new int[amount + 1];
+        for (int i = 1; i <= amount; i++) {
+            dp[i] = amount + 1;
+        }
+
+        for (int coin: coins) { // O(C)
+            for (int k = coin; k <= amount; k++) { // O(A)
+                dp[k] = Math.min(dp[k], dp[k-coin] + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (dp[amount] >= amount + 1) ? -1 : dp[amount];
+    }
+}
+

merge-two-sorted-lists/GangBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Definition for singly-linked list.
+ * public class ListNode {
+ *     int val;
+ *     ListNode next;
+ *     ListNode() {}
+ *     ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
+ *     ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
+ * }
+ */
+class Solution {
+    public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode list1, ListNode list2) {
+        /**
+        1. understanding
+        - merge 2 sorted linked list
+        2. strategy
+        - assign return ListNode
+        - for each node, started in head, compare each node's value, and add smaller value node to return node, and move the node's head to head.next
+        3. complexity
+        - time: O(N + M), N is the length of list1, M is the length of list2
+        - space: O(1), exclude the return variable 
+        */
+        ListNode curr = null;
+        ListNode ret = null;
+
+        while (list1 != null && list2 != null) {
+            if (list1.val < list2.val) {
+                ListNode node = new ListNode(list1.val);
+                if (ret == null) {
+                    ret = node;
+                } else {
+                    curr.next = node;
+                }
+                list1 = list1.next;
+                curr = node;
+            } else {
+                ListNode node = new ListNode(list2.val);
+                if (ret == null) {
+                    ret = node;
+                } else {
+                    curr.next = node;
+                }
+                list2 = list2.next;
+                curr = node;
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (list1 != null) {
+            ListNode node = new ListNode(list1.val);
+            if (ret == null) {
+                ret = node;
+            } else {
+                curr.next = node;
+            }
+            list1 = list1.next;
+            curr = node;
+        }
+
+        while (list2 != null) {
+            ListNode node = new ListNode(list2.val);
+            if (ret == null) {
+                ret = node;
+            } else {
+                curr.next = node;
+            }
+            list2 = list2.next;
+            curr = node;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+}
+

missing-number/GangBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class Solution {
+    public int missingNumber(int[] nums) {
+        /**
+        1. understanding
+        - array nums, n distinct numbers in range [0, n]
+        - find missing number
+        2. strategy
+        - you can calculate the sum of range [0, n]: n(n+1)/2 ... (1)
+        - and the sum of nums ... (2)
+        - and then extract (2) from (1) = (missing value) what we want.
+        3. complexity
+        - time: O(N), N is the length of nums
+        - space: O(1)
+        */
+        int N = nums.length;
+        return N*(N+1)/2 - Arrays.stream(nums).sum();
+    }
+}
+

palindromic-substrings/GangBean.java

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 class Solution {
     public int countSubstrings(String s) {
         /** 
-            각 문자를 중간으로 갖는 palindrome 여부 체크
-            + 두개의 문자를 중간으로 갖는 palindrome 여부 체크
+        1. understanding
+        - find the number of palindromic substrings
+        2. strategy
+        - iterate over each character, count below substrings
+        - First, start with same position, move left and right directions each, until two charactes are not same.
+        - Second, start with i and i + 1 position, move left and right directions until two chracters are not same.
+        3. complexity
+        - time: O(N^2)
+        - space: O(1)
         */
         int count = 0;
         int length = s.length();
@@ -27,3 +34,4 @@ public int countSubstrings(String s) {
         return count; // O(N^2)
     }
 }
+

word-search/GangBean.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+class Solution {
+    int[] dx = {0, 1, 0, -1};
+    int[] dy = {1, 0, -1, 0};
+    public boolean exist(char[][] board, String word) {
+        /**
+        1. understanding
+        - check if word can be constructed from board,
+        - start in any block, moving only 4 direction, up, left, below, right
+        - can't use same block
+        2. strategy
+        - backtracking and dfs
+            - iterate over each block, if first character matches, find words in depth first search algorithm
+            - each dfs, mark current block is visited, and find 4 or less possible directions, when any character matches with next character in word, then call dfs in that block recursively
+        3. complexity
+        - time: O(M * N * L), where L is the length of word
+        - space: O(M * N) which marks if block of the indices is visited or not
+        */
+        boolean[][] isVisited = new boolean[board.length][board[0].length];
+        for (int y = 0; y < board.length; y++) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < board[0].length; x++) {
+                if (isWordExists(board, isVisited, word, y, x, 0)) return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isWordExists(char[][] board, boolean[][] isVisited, String word, int y, int x, int idx) {
+        if (board[y][x] != word.charAt(idx)) return false;
+        if (idx == word.length() - 1) return true;
+        // boolean isExists = false;
+        isVisited[y][x] = true;
+        for (int dir = 0; dir < 4; dir++) {
+            int ny = y + dy[dir];
+            int nx = x + dx[dir];
+            if (0 <= ny && ny < board.length 
+            && 0 <= nx && nx < board[0].length 
+            && !isVisited[ny][nx] 
+            && word.charAt(idx + 1) == board[ny][nx]) {
+                isVisited[ny][nx] = true;
+                if (isWordExists(board, isVisited, word, ny, nx, idx + 1)) return true;
+                isVisited[ny][nx] = false;
+            }
+        }
+        isVisited[y][x] = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+