[EGON] Week9 Solutions

find-minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array/EGON.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from typing import List
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def findMin(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        return self.solve_binary_search(nums)
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 32 ms (Beats 97.56%)
+    Time Complexity: O(log n)
+        - 크기가 n인 배열에 대한 이분탐색에 O(log n)
+            - while 조건문 판단에 O(2), and 연산이므로 단축 평가에 의해 upper bound
+        - 엣지 케이스 처리를 위한 마지막 lo, hi 2개 항에 대한 min연산에 O(2)
+        > O(log n) * O(2) + O(2) ~= O(log n)
+
+    Memory: 16.82 (Beats 50.00%)
+    Space Complexity: O(1)
+        > 이분탐색에 필요한 정수형 변수 lo, hi, mid 3개만 사용했으므로 n과 상관없이 O(1)
+    """
+    def solve_binary_search(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        lo, hi = 0, len(nums) - 1
+        while lo < hi and nums[hi] < nums[lo]:
+            mid = (lo + hi) // 2
+            if nums[lo] < nums[mid]:
+                lo = mid
+            elif nums[mid] < nums[hi]:
+                hi = mid
+            else:
+                break
+
+        return min(nums[lo], nums[hi])
+
+
+class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
+    def test_1(self):
+        nums = [2, 1]
+        output = 1
+        self.assertEqual(Solution().findMin(nums), output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

linked-list-cycle/EGON.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from typing import Optional
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+
+# Definition for singly-linked list.
+class ListNode:
+    def __init__(self, x):
+        self.val = x
+        self.next = None
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def hasCycle(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> bool:
+        return self.solve(head)
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 37 ms (Beats 93.02%)
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+        > head부터 next가 있는 동안 선형적으로 조회하므로 O(n)
+
+    Memory: 18.62 (Beats 98.22%)
+    Space Complexity: O(1)
+        > head를 제외하고 아무 변수도 사용하지 않았으므로 O(1)
+    """
+    def solve(self, head: Optional[ListNode]) -> bool:
+        if not head:
+            return False
+
+        while head.next:
+            if head.next and head.next.val is None:
+                return True
+
+            head.val = None
+            head = head.next
+
+        return False
+
+
+class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
+    def test_1(self):
+        head = None
+        output = False
+        self.assertEqual(Solution().hasCycle(head), output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

maximum-product-subarray/EGON.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from typing import List
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def maxProduct(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        return self.solveWithDP(nums)
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 71 ms (Beats 61.13%)
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+        - dp 배열 초기화를 위한 nums.copy()에 O(n)
+        - range(1, L) 조회하며 조건에 따라 연산에 O(n - 1)
+        - range(L) 조회하며 max 계산에 O(n)
+        > O(n) + O(n - 1) + O(n) ~= O(n)
+
+    Memory: 17.75 MB (Beats 11.09%)
+    Space Complexity: O(n)
+        - 크기가 n인 배열 2개 사용했으므로 2 * O(n)
+        > O(2n) ~= O(n)
+    """
+    def solveWithDP(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        L = len(nums)
+        forward_product, backward_product = nums.copy(), nums.copy()
+        for i in range(1, L):
+            if forward_product[i - 1] != 0:
+                forward_product[i] *= forward_product[i - 1]
+
+            if backward_product[L - i] != 0:
+                backward_product[L - i - 1] *= backward_product[L - i]
+
+        result = nums[0]
+        for i in range(L):
+            result = max(result, forward_product[i], backward_product[i])
+
+        return result
+
+
+class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
+    def test_1(self):
+        nums = [2,3,-2,4]
+        output = 6
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+
+    def test_2(self):
+        nums = [-2,0,-1]
+        output = 0
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+
+    def test_3(self):
+        nums = [-2]
+        output = -2
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+
+    def test_4(self):
+        nums = [0,-3,-2,-3,-2,2,-3,0,1,-1]
+        output = 72
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+
+    def test_5(self):
+        nums = [7, -2, -4]
+        output = 56
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

maximum-subarray/EGON.py

@@ -3,64 +3,86 @@
 
 
 class Solution:
-    def maxProduct(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
-        return self.solveWithDP(nums)
+    def maxSubArray(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        return self.solve_divide_and_conquer(nums)
 
     """
-    Runtime: 71 ms (Beats 61.13%)
+    Runtime: 548 ms (Beats 38.42%)
     Time Complexity: O(n)
-        - dp 배열 초기화를 위한 nums.copy()에 O(n)
-        - range(1, L) 조회하며 조건에 따라 연산에 O(n - 1)
-        - range(L) 조회하며 max 계산에 O(n)
-        > O(n) + O(n - 1) + O(n) ~= O(n)
+        - nums를 조회하는데 O(n)
+            - max_sum을 갱신하는데 2개 항에 대한 max연산에 O(2)
+            - max_subarray_sum을 갱신하는데 2개 항에 대한 max 연산에 O(2)
+        > O(n) * (O(2) + O(2)) = O(4 * n) ~= O(n)
 
-    Memory: 17.75 MB (Beats 11.09%)
+    Memory: 30.96 MB (Beats 74.82%)
+    Space Complexity: O(1)
+        > 정수형 변수, 실수형 변수 하나 씩만 사용했으므로 O(1)
+    """
+    def solve_kadane(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        max_subarray_sum, result = 0, float('-inf')
+        for num in nums:
+            max_subarray_sum = max(num, max_subarray_sum + num)
+            result = max(max_subarray_sum, result)
+        return result
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 732 ms (Beats 5.04%)
+    Time Complexity: O(n * log n)
+        - max_prefix_sum에서 deepcopy에 O(n), 계산에 O(n)
+        - max_suffix_sum에서 deepcopy에 O(n), 계산에 O(n)
+        - divide_and_sum에서 재귀 호출 depth가 log n, 호출 결과의 최대 갯수는 n이므로, 일반적인 divide and conquer의 시간복잡도와 동일한 O(n * log n)
+        > 2 * O(n) + 2 * O(n) + O(n * log n) ~= O(n * log n)
+
+    Memory: 68.75 MB (Beats 20.29%)
     Space Complexity: O(n)
-        - 크기가 n인 배열 2개 사용했으므로 2 * O(n)
-        > O(2n) ~= O(n)
+        - max_prefix_sum에서 O(n)
+        - max_suffix_sum에서 O(n)
+        > O(n) + O(n) = 2 * O(n) ~= O(n)
     """
-    def solveWithDP(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
-        L = len(nums)
-        forward_product, backward_product = nums.copy(), nums.copy()
-        for i in range(1, L):
-            if forward_product[i - 1] != 0:
-                forward_product[i] *= forward_product[i - 1]
+    def solve_divide_and_conquer(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
+        max_prefix_sum = nums[::]
+        for i in range(1, len(nums)):
+            max_prefix_sum[i] = max(max_prefix_sum[i], max_prefix_sum[i - 1] + nums[i])
 
-            if backward_product[L - i] != 0:
-                backward_product[L - i - 1] *= backward_product[L - i]
+        max_suffix_sum = nums[::]
+        for i in range(len(nums) - 2, -1, -1):
+            max_suffix_sum[i] = max(max_suffix_sum[i], max_suffix_sum[i + 1] + nums[i])
 
-        result = nums[0]
-        for i in range(L):
-            result = max(result, forward_product[i], backward_product[i])
+        def divide_and_sum(nums: List[int], left: int, right: int) -> int:
+            if left == right:
+                return nums[left]
 
-        return result
+            mid = (left + right) // 2
+
+            return max(
+                divide_and_sum(nums, left, mid),
+                max_prefix_sum[mid] + max_suffix_sum[mid + 1],
+                divide_and_sum(nums, mid + 1, right)
+            )
+
+        return divide_and_sum(nums, 0, len(nums) - 1)
 
 
 class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
     def test_1(self):
-        nums = [2,3,-2,4]
+        nums = [-2,1,-3,4,-1,2,1,-5,4]
         output = 6
-        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxSubArray(Solution(), nums), output)
 
     def test_2(self):
-        nums = [-2,0,-1]
-        output = 0
-        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+        nums = [1]
+        output = 1
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxSubArray(Solution(), nums), output)
 
     def test_3(self):
-        nums = [-2]
-        output = -2
-        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+        nums = [5,4,-1,7,8]
+        output = 23
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxSubArray(Solution(), nums), output)
 
     def test_4(self):
-        nums = [0,-3,-2,-3,-2,2,-3,0,1,-1]
-        output = 72
-        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
-
-    def test_5(self):
-        nums = [7, -2, -4]
-        output = 56
-        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxProduct(Solution(), nums), output)
+        nums = [-4, -3, -2, -1]
+        output = -1
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.maxSubArray(Solution(), nums), output)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

minimum-window-substring/EGON.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from collections import Counter
+from typing import List
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def minWindow(self, s: str, t: str) -> str:
+        return self.solve_two_pointer(s, t)
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 129 ms (Beats 50.44%)
+    Time Complexity: O(S)
+        - 문자열 s를 enumerate로 순회하는데 O(S)
+        - 순회 후 left를 갱신하는 while문에서 left가 0부터 n까지 단조증가하므로 총 조회는 O(S)
+        > O(S) + O(S) ~= O(S)
+
+    Memory: 17.32 MB (Beats 32.52%)
+    Space Complexity: O(S)
+        - counter 변수의 초기 크기는 O(T)
+            - 반복문을 조회하며 counter 갱신, 최악의 경우 s의 모든 문자가 다르고 s == t인 경우 이므로 O(S), upper bound
+        > O(S)
+    """
+    def solve_two_pointer(self, s: str, t: str) -> str:
+        counter = Counter(t)
+        missing = len(t)
+        left = start = end = 0
+        for right, char in enumerate(s, start=1):
+            missing -= counter[char] > 0
+            counter[char] -= 1
+
+            if missing == 0:
+                while left < right and counter[s[left]] < 0:
+                    counter[s[left]] += 1
+                    left += 1
+
+                if not end or right - left <= end - start:
+                    start, end = left, right
+
+                counter[s[left]] += 1
+                missing += 1
+                left += 1
+
+        return s[start:end]
+
+
+class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
+    def test_1(self):
+        s = "ADOBECODEBANC"
+        t = "ABC"
+        output = "BANC"
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.minWindow(Solution(), s, t), output)
+
+    def test_2(self):
+        s = "a"
+        t = "a"
+        output = "a"
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.minWindow(Solution(), s, t), output)
+
+    def test_3(self):
+        s = "a"
+        t = "aa"
+        output = ""
+        self.assertEqual(Solution.minWindow(Solution(), s, t), output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()