jax.numpy: implement scalar boolean indexing

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Remember to align the itemized text with the first line of an item within a list
   * Added [CUDA Array
     Interface](https://numba.readthedocs.io/en/stable/cuda/cuda_array_interface.html)
     import support (requires jaxlib 0.4.24).
+  * JAX arrays now support NumPy-style scalar boolean indexing, e.g. `x[True]` or `x[False]`.
 
 * Deprecations & Removals
   * {func}`jax.numpy.linalg.solve` now shows a deprecation warning for batched 1D

jax/_src/array.py

@@ -308,13 +308,6 @@ def __getitem__(self, idx):
     from jax._src.numpy import lax_numpy
     self._check_if_deleted()
 
-    if isinstance(idx, tuple):
-      num_idx = sum(e is not None and e is not Ellipsis for e in idx)
-      if num_idx > self.ndim:
-        raise IndexError(
-            f"Too many indices for array: array has ndim of {self.ndim}, but "
-            f"was indexed with {num_idx} non-None/Ellipsis indices.")
-
     if isinstance(self.sharding, PmapSharding):
       if config.pmap_no_rank_reduction.value:
         cidx = idx if isinstance(idx, tuple) else (idx,)

jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py

@@ -4613,6 +4613,9 @@ def _gather(arr, treedef, static_idx, dynamic_idx, indices_are_sorted,
     if isinstance(fill_value, np.ndarray):
       fill_value = fill_value.item()
 
+  if indexer.scalar_bool_dims:
+    y = lax.expand_dims(y, indexer.scalar_bool_dims)
+
   # Avoid calling gather if the slice shape is empty, both as a fast path and to
   # handle cases like zeros(0)[array([], int32)].
   if core.is_empty_shape(indexer.slice_shape):
@@ -4657,6 +4660,10 @@ class _Indexer(NamedTuple):
   # gathers and eliminated for scatters.
   newaxis_dims: Sequence[int]
 
+  # Keep track of dimensions with scalar bool indices. These must be inserted
+  # for gathers before performing other index operations.
+  scalar_bool_dims: Sequence[int]
+
 
 def _split_index_for_jit(idx, shape):
   """Splits indices into necessarily-static and dynamic parts.
@@ -4705,6 +4712,16 @@ def _index_to_gather(x_shape: Sequence[int], idx: Sequence[Any],
   # Remove ellipses and add trailing slice(None)s.
   idx = _canonicalize_tuple_index(len(x_shape), idx)
 
+  # Check for scalar boolean indexing: this requires inserting extra dimensions
+  # before performing the rest of the logic.
+  scalar_bool_dims: Sequence[int] = [n for n, i in enumerate(idx) if isinstance(i, bool)]
+  if scalar_bool_dims:
+    idx = tuple(np.arange(int(i)) if isinstance(i, bool) else i for i in idx)
+    x_shape = list(x_shape)
+    for i in sorted(scalar_bool_dims):
+      x_shape.insert(i, 1)
+    x_shape = tuple(x_shape)
+
   # Check for advanced indexing:
   # https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/arrays.indexing.html#advanced-indexing
 
@@ -4805,8 +4822,8 @@ def _index_to_gather(x_shape: Sequence[int], idx: Sequence[Any],
         # XLA gives error when indexing into an axis of size 0
         raise IndexError(f"index is out of bounds for axis {x_axis} with size 0")
       i = _normalize_index(i, x_shape[x_axis]) if normalize_indices else i
-      i = lax.convert_element_type(i, index_dtype)
-      gather_indices.append((i, len(gather_indices_shape)))
+      i_converted = lax.convert_element_type(i, index_dtype)
+      gather_indices.append((i_converted, len(gather_indices_shape)))
       collapsed_slice_dims.append(x_axis)
       gather_slice_shape.append(1)
       start_index_map.append(x_axis)
@@ -4893,7 +4910,8 @@ def _index_to_gather(x_shape: Sequence[int], idx: Sequence[Any],
     dnums=dnums,
     gather_indices=gather_indices_array,
     unique_indices=advanced_indexes is None,
-    indices_are_sorted=advanced_indexes is None)
+    indices_are_sorted=advanced_indexes is None,
+    scalar_bool_dims=scalar_bool_dims)
 
 def _should_unpack_list_index(x):
   """Helper for _eliminate_deprecated_list_indexing."""
@@ -4959,7 +4977,7 @@ def _expand_bool_indices(idx, shape):
         # TODO(mattjj): improve this error by tracking _why_ the indices are not concrete
         raise errors.NonConcreteBooleanIndexError(abstract_i)
       elif _ndim(i) == 0:
-        raise TypeError("JAX arrays do not support boolean scalar indices")
+        out.append(bool(i))
       else:
         i_shape = _shape(i)
         start = len(out) + ellipsis_offset - newaxis_offset
@@ -5010,21 +5028,21 @@ def _is_scalar(x):
 
 def _canonicalize_tuple_index(arr_ndim, idx, array_name='array'):
   """Helper to remove Ellipsis and add in the implicit trailing slice(None)."""
-  len_without_none = sum(e is not None and e is not Ellipsis for e in idx)
-  if len_without_none > arr_ndim:
+  num_dimensions_consumed = sum(not (e is None or e is Ellipsis or isinstance(e, bool)) for e in idx)
+  if num_dimensions_consumed > arr_ndim:
     raise IndexError(
-        f"Too many indices for {array_name}: {len_without_none} "
+        f"Too many indices for {array_name}: {num_dimensions_consumed} "
         f"non-None/Ellipsis indices for dim {arr_ndim}.")
   ellipses = (i for i, elt in enumerate(idx) if elt is Ellipsis)
   ellipsis_index = next(ellipses, None)
   if ellipsis_index is not None:
     if next(ellipses, None) is not None:
       raise IndexError(
           f"Multiple ellipses (...) not supported: {list(map(type, idx))}.")
-    colons = (slice(None),) * (arr_ndim - len_without_none)
+    colons = (slice(None),) * (arr_ndim - num_dimensions_consumed)
     idx = idx[:ellipsis_index] + colons + idx[ellipsis_index + 1:]
-  elif len_without_none < arr_ndim:
-    colons = (slice(None),) * (arr_ndim - len_without_none)
+  elif num_dimensions_consumed < arr_ndim:
+    colons = (slice(None),) * (arr_ndim - num_dimensions_consumed)
     idx = tuple(idx) + colons
   return idx
 

jax/_src/ops/scatter.py

@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ def _scatter_impl(x, y, scatter_op, treedef, static_idx, dynamic_idx,
   idx = jnp._merge_static_and_dynamic_indices(treedef, static_idx, dynamic_idx)
   indexer = jnp._index_to_gather(jnp.shape(x), idx,
                                  normalize_indices=normalize_indices)
+  # TODO(jakevdp): implement scalar boolean logic.
+  if indexer.scalar_bool_dims:
+    raise TypeError("Scalar boolean indices are not allowed in scatter.")
 
   # Avoid calling scatter if the slice shape is empty, both as a fast path and
   # to handle cases like zeros(0)[array([], int32)].

jax/experimental/array_api/skips.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # Known failures for the array api tests.
 
-# JAX doesn't yet support scalar boolean indexing
-array_api_tests/test_array_object.py::test_getitem_masking
-
 # Test suite attempts in-place mutation:
 array_api_tests/test_special_cases.py::test_binary
 array_api_tests/test_special_cases.py::test_iop

tests/lax_numpy_indexing_test.py

@@ -876,15 +876,6 @@ def testBooleanIndexingDynamicShapeError(self):
     i = np.array([True, True, False])
     self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: jax.jit(lambda x, i: x[i])(x, i))
 
-  def testScalarBooleanIndexingNotImplemented(self):
-    msg = "JAX arrays do not support boolean scalar indices"
-    with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
-      jnp.arange(4)[True]
-    with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
-      jnp.arange(4)[False]
-    with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg):
-      jnp.arange(4)[..., True]
-
   def testIssue187(self):
     x = jnp.ones((5, 5))
     x[[0, 2, 4], [0, 2, 4]]  # doesn't crash
@@ -1033,6 +1024,29 @@ def testNontrivialBooleanIndexing(self):
     self._CheckAgainstNumpy(np_fun, jnp_fun, args_maker)
     self._CompileAndCheck(jnp_fun, args_maker)
 
+  @jtu.sample_product(
+      shape=[(2, 3, 4, 5)],
+      idx=[
+        np.index_exp[True],
+        np.index_exp[False],
+        np.index_exp[..., True],
+        np.index_exp[..., False],
+        np.index_exp[0, :2, True],
+        np.index_exp[0, :2, False],
+        np.index_exp[:2, 0, True],
+        np.index_exp[:2, 0, False],
+        np.index_exp[:2, np.array([0, 2]), True],
+        np.index_exp[np.array([1, 0]), :, True],
+        np.index_exp[True, :, True, :, np.array(True)],
+      ]
+  )
+  def testScalarBooleanIndexing(self, shape, idx):
+    rng = jtu.rand_default(self.rng())
+    args_maker = lambda: [rng(shape, np.int32)]
+    np_fun = lambda x: np.asarray(x)[idx]
+    jnp_fun = lambda x: jnp.asarray(x)[idx]
+    self._CheckAgainstNumpy(np_fun, jnp_fun, args_maker)
+
   def testFloatIndexingError(self):
     BAD_INDEX_TYPE_ERROR = "Indexer must have integer or boolean type, got indexer with type"
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, BAD_INDEX_TYPE_ERROR):
@@ -1158,8 +1172,7 @@ def _check_raises(x_type, y_type, msg):
   def testWrongNumberOfIndices(self):
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(
         IndexError,
-        "Too many indices for array: array has ndim of 1, "
-        "but was indexed with 2 non-None/Ellipsis indices"):
+        "Too many indices for array: 2 non-None/Ellipsis indices for dim 1."):
       jnp.zeros(3)[:, 5]