Drop python 2.7

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -62,10 +62,6 @@ jobs:
     <<: *defaults
     docker:
       - image: circleci/python:3.5
-  "python-2.7":
-    <<: *defaults
-    docker:
-      - image: circleci/python:2.7
   "publish":
     docker:
       - image: circleci/python:3.7
@@ -89,7 +85,6 @@ workflows:
               only: /^v.*$/
       - "python-3.6"
       - "python-3.5"
-      - "python-2.7"
       - publish:
           requires:
             - "python-3.7"

.travis.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ language: python
 matrix:
   include:
   - os: linux
-    python: '2.7'
+    python: '3.5'
     env: CONDA=true
   - os: linux
     python: '3.6'

README.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Installing GAlgebra
 ### Prerequisites
 
 - Works on Linux, Windows, Mac OSX
-- [Python](https://www.python.org/) 2.7 or >=3.5
+- [Python](https://www.python.org/) >=3.5
 - [SymPy](https://www.sympy.org) 1.3, 1.4 or preferably 1.5
 
 ### Installing GAlgebra From PyPI (Recommended for users)

doc/python/BACCAB.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf
 from galgebra.ga import Ga
 

doc/python/Dirac.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from sympy import symbols, sin, cos
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf, Get_Program, Print_Function

doc/python/Dop.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from sympy import symbols, sin
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf
 from galgebra.ga import Ga

doc/python/EMWaves.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from sympy import symbols, exp, I, Matrix, solve, simplify
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf, Get_Program, Print_Function

doc/python/LinearTrans.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from sympy import symbols, sin, cos
 from galgebra.ga import Ga
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf

doc/python/Ltrans.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from sympy import symbols, sin, cos, latex
 from galgebra.ga import Ga
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf

doc/python/ReciprocalBasis.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from sympy import expand, simplify
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf
 from galgebra.ga import Ga

doc/python/SphericalCoordinates.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 import sys
 from sympy import symbols, sin
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf

doc/python/submanifold.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from sympy import symbols, sin, pi, latex
 from galgebra.ga import Ga
 from galgebra.printer import Format, xpdf

galgebra/__init__.py

@@ -20,6 +20,4 @@
     utils
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division
-from __future__ import print_function
 from ._version import __version__

galgebra/deprecated.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 from sympy import trigsimp, S
 from . import ga
 from .mv import Mv
-from . import utils
 
 ################################# MV class for backward compatibility ###################
 
@@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ def convert_metric(gstr):
     @staticmethod
     def setup(basis, metric=None, coords=None, rframe=False, debug=False, curv=(None,None)):
 
-        if utils.isstr(metric):
+        if isinstance(metric, str):
             metric = MV.convert_metric(metric)
         if curv != (None,None):
             MV.GA = ga.Ga(basis, g=None, coords=coords, X=curv[0], debug=debug)

galgebra/ga.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """
 Geometric Algebra (inherits Metric)
 """
-import sys
 import warnings
 import operator
 import copy
@@ -20,7 +19,6 @@
 from . import metric
 from . import mv
 from . import lt
-from . import utils
 
 half = Rational(1, 2)
 one = S(1)
@@ -377,20 +375,24 @@ def __hash__(self):
     def __eq__(self, ga):
         return self.name == ga.name
 
-    if sys.version_info.major < 3:
-        def __ne__(self, other):
-            return not (self == other)
-
-    def __init__(self, bases, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, bases, *, wedge=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        bases :
+            Passed as ``basis`` to ``Metric``.
+        wedge :
+            Use ``^`` symbol to print basis blades
+        **kwargs :
+            See :class:`galgebra.metric.Metric`.
+        """
 
         # Each time a geometric algebra is intialized in setup of append
         # the printer must be restored to the simple text mode (not
         # enhanced text of latex printing) so that when 'str' is used to
         # create symbol names the names are not mangled.
 
-        kwargs = metric.test_init_slots(metric.Metric.init_slots, **kwargs)
-
-        self.wedge_print = kwargs['wedge']
+        self.wedge_print = wedge
 
         if printer.GaLatexPrinter.latex_flg:
             printer.GaLatexPrinter.restore()
@@ -545,7 +547,7 @@ def mv(self, root=None, *args, **kwargs):
         # ensure that ga is not already in kwargs
         kwargs = dict(ga=self, **kwargs)
 
-        if not utils.isstr(root):
+        if not isinstance(root, str):
             return mv.Mv(root, *args, **kwargs)
 
         if ' ' in root and ' ' not in args[0]:
@@ -1903,31 +1905,10 @@ class Sm(Ga):
     the coordinates of the submanifold. The inputs required to define
     the submanifold are:
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    u :
-        (``args[0]``) The coordinate map defining the submanifold
-        which is a list of functions of coordinates of the base
-        manifold in terms of the coordinates of the submanifold.
-        for example if the manifold is a unit sphere then -
-        ``u = [sin(u)*cos(v),sin(u)*sin(v),cos(u)]``.
-
-        Alternatively (``args[0]``) is a parametric vector function
-        of the basis vectors of the base manifold.  The
-        coefficients of the bases are functions of the coordinates
-        (``args[1]``).  In this case we would call the submanifold
-        a "vector" manifold and additional characteristics of the
-        manifold can be calculated since we have given an explicit
-        embedding of the manifold in the base manifold.
-
-    coords :
-        (``args[1]``) The coordinate list for the submanifold, for
-        example ``[u, v]``.
-
     Notes
     -----
 
-    See 'init_slots' for possible other inputs.  The 'Ga' member function
+    The 'Ga' member function
     'sm' can be used to instantiate the submanifold via (o3d is the base
     manifold)::
 
@@ -1937,24 +1918,49 @@ class Sm(Ga):
         (eu,ev) = sm_example.mv()
         sm_grad = sm_example.grad
     """
-    init_slots = {'debug': (False, 'True for debug output'),
-                  'root': ('e', 'Root symbol for basis vectors'),
-                  'name': (None, 'Name of submanifold'),
-                  'norm': (False, 'Normalize basis if True'),
-                  'ga': (None, 'Base Geometric Algebra')}
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    # __u is to emulate a Python 3.8 positional-only argument, with a clearer
+    # spelling than `*args`.
+    def __init__(self, __u, __coords, *, ga, norm=False, name=None, root='e', debug=False):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        u :
+            The coordinate map defining the submanifold
+            which is a list of functions of coordinates of the base
+            manifold in terms of the coordinates of the submanifold.
+            for example if the manifold is a unit sphere then -
+            ``u = [sin(u)*cos(v),sin(u)*sin(v),cos(u)]``.
+
+            Alternatively, a parametric vector function
+            of the basis vectors of the base manifold.  The
+            coefficients of the bases are functions of the coordinates
+            (``coords``).  In this case we would call the submanifold
+            a "vector" manifold and additional characteristics of the
+            manifold can be calculated since we have given an explicit
+            embedding of the manifold in the base manifold.
+        coords :
+            The coordinate list for the submanifold, for
+            example ``[u, v]``.
+        debug :
+            True for debug output
+        root : str
+            Root symbol for basis vectors
+        name : str
+            Name of submanifold
+        norm : bool
+            Normalize basis if True
+        ga :
+            Base Geometric Algebra
+        """
 
         #print '!!!Enter Sm!!!'
 
         if printer.GaLatexPrinter.latex_flg:
             printer.GaLatexPrinter.restore()
             Ga.restore = True
 
-        kwargs = metric.test_init_slots(Sm.init_slots, **kwargs)
-        u = args[0]  # Coordinate map or vector embedding to define submanifold
-        coords = args[1]  # List of cordinates
-        ga = kwargs['ga']  # base geometric algebra
+        u = __u
+        coords = __coords
         if ga is None:
             raise ValueError('Base geometric algebra must be specified for submanifold.')
 
@@ -1963,7 +1969,6 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         n_sub = len(coords)
 
         # Construct names of basis vectors
-        root = kwargs['root']
         """
         basis_str = ''
         for x in coords:
@@ -2016,9 +2021,6 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                             s += dxdu[k][i] * dxdu[l][j] * g_base[k, l].subs(sub_pairs)
                     g[i, j] = trigsimp(s)
 
-        norm = kwargs['norm']
-        debug = kwargs['debug']
-
         if Ga.restore:  # restore printer to appropriate enhanced mode after sm is instantiated
             printer.GaLatexPrinter.redirect()
 

galgebra/lt.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 from . import printer
 from . import metric
 from . import mv
-from . import utils
 
 def aprint(a):
     out = ''
@@ -149,9 +148,6 @@ class Lt(object):
     """
 
     mat_fmt = False
-    init_slots = {'ga': (None, 'Name of metric (geometric algebra)'),
-                  'f': (False, 'True if Lt if function of coordinates.'),
-                  'mode': ('g', 'g:general, s:symmetric, a:antisymmetric transformation.')}
 
     @staticmethod
     def setup(ga):
@@ -165,13 +161,20 @@ def format(mat_fmt=False):
         Lt.mat_fmt = mat_fmt
         return
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        kwargs = metric.test_init_slots(Lt.init_slots, **kwargs)
-
+    def __init__(self, *args, ga, f=False, mode='g'):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ga :
+            Name of metric (geometric algebra)
+        f : bool
+            True if Lt if function of coordinates
+        mode : str
+            g:general, s:symmetric, a:antisymmetric transformation
+        """
         mat_rep = args[0]
-        ga = kwargs['ga']
-        self.fct_flg = kwargs['f']
-        self.mode = kwargs['mode']  # General g, s, or a transformation
+        self.fct_flg = f
+        self.mode = mode
         self.Ga = ga
         self.coords = ga.lt_coords
         self.X = ga.lt_x
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             else:
                 raise ValueError('In Spinor input for Lt, S*S.rev() not a scalar!\n')
 
-        elif utils.isstr(mat_rep):  # String input
+        elif isinstance(mat_rep, str):  # String input
             Amat = Symbolic_Matrix(mat_rep, coords=self.Ga.coords,mode=self.mode,f=self.fct_flg)
             self.__init__(Amat, ga=self.Ga)
 
@@ -726,7 +729,7 @@ def __init__(self, f, Ga, args, fct=False):
             Ga.make_grad(self.args)
             self.fvalue = (self.args[0] | f(self.args[1])).obj
             self.f = None
-        elif utils.isstr(f) and args is not None:
+        elif isinstance(f, str) and args is not None:
             self.f = None
             if isinstance(args,(list,tuple)):
                 self.args = args