jwt

JWT / Auth Middleware

Stand: 5. Dezember 2025
Version: 1.0.0
Kategorie: Auth

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This document gives a short guide how the JWT validator and AuthMiddleware work in Themis, an example JWKS file, and how to test the middleware with curl/PowerShell.

Overview

• auth::JWTValidator verifies RS256-signed JWTs against a JWKS endpoint or an injected JWKS. It validates signature (kid -> JWK), and standard claims: exp, nbf, iss, aud.
• AuthMiddleware uses JWTValidator to guard HTTP endpoints and expose the parsed claims to downstream handlers.

Example JWKS

A minimal JWKS (file: docs/auth/jwks_example.json) looks like:

{
  "keys": [
    {
      "kty": "RSA",
      "kid": "example-key-1",
      "use": "sig",
      "alg": "RS256",
      "n": "...base64url modulus...",
      "e": "AQAB"
    }
  ]
}

Replace n with the base64url-encoded RSA modulus of your public key. e is usually AQAB.

Configuration snippet (C++)

JWT config is provided using JWTValidatorConfig (see include/auth/jwt_validator.h). Example:

• jwks_url (string): remote JWKS endpoint (optional during tests where JWKS are injected)
• expected_issuer (string)
• expected_audience (string)
• jwks_cache_ttl (seconds)
• clock_skew (seconds)

Example initializer:

JWTValidatorConfig cfg;
cfg.jwks_url = "https://pki.example.com/.well-known/jwks.json";
cfg.expected_issuer = "https://auth.example.com";
cfg.expected_audience = "themis-api";
cfg.jwks_cache_ttl = std::chrono::seconds(300);
cfg.clock_skew = std::chrono::seconds(60);
JWTValidator validator(cfg);

Testing locally

1. Unit tests

• The repo contains tests/test_jwt_validator.cpp with unit tests that generate RSA keys on the fly and inject JWKS via setJWKSForTesting(...).
• Build and run only JWT tests:

cmake --build C:\VCC\themis\build --config Release --target themis_tests
C:\VCC\themis\build\Release\themis_tests.exe --gtest_filter=JWTValidatorTest.*

2. Manual curl test (using a pre-generated JWT and JWKS hosted at http://localhost:8000/jwks):

• Start an HTTP server to serve docs/auth/jwks_example.json (for example python -m http.server 8000 in that directory).
• Request to protected endpoint (example):

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer <JWT>" http://localhost:8080/api/protected

If the token is valid, the middleware forwards the request; otherwise it returns 401.

Common gotchas

• The JWKS must include the correct kid that matches the JWT header.
• Use base64url (no padding) for n and e fields.
• exp/nbf are validated with a configurable clock skew (default 60s in tests).

Next steps / TODO

• Add examples for JWKS rotation and multiple kid entries.
• Add an integration test that runs a small local server and verifies middleware with a real HTTP request.